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World War II Names to Know Benito Mussolini = Fascist dictator of Italy Adolf Hitler = dictator of Germany who led the fascist National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazi Party Joseph Stalin = dictator of Soviet Union; leader of the Communist government Hideki Tojo = dictator of Japan –former army general that became prime minister Hirohito = Emperor of Japan during WWII Francisco Franco – Fascist military leader who becomes the dictator of Spain Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII Franklin Roosevelt – President of the United States during WWII Harry Truman – President of the U.S. who succeeded Roosevelt during WWII Vocabulary Fascism = military government with extreme form of patriotism, nationalism, & racism….a political philosophy that exalts nation and often race above the individual … it advocates strict obedience to the state Appeasement = meeting the demands of a hostile power in order to avoid conflict Blitzkrieg “lightning war” = German war tactic which uses speed and surprise to overwhelm the enemy (use of planes, tanks, troops, etc.) Lend-Lease Act = allowed U.S. to lend or lease resources & equipment to the Allies Imperialism = the policy of extending the power and influence of a nation over foreign countries through military force or diplomatic means in order to expropriate for their own enrichment the land, labor, raw materials, and markets of another people. Path to War * Dictators were able to seize control of their governments because countries were looking for a way out of financial ruin caused by WWI, the Great Depression, and mass unemployment. * The Treaty of Versailles which ended WWI did not resolve any of the issues which caused WWI…in fact, it created more problems. The terms of the Versailles Treaty (WWI) made Germans and Italians resentful and angry (the Germans because they felt the terms were too harsh, and the Italians because they felt they didn’t get their “fair share”) In addition, the world economy fell apart in the 1920s because of the Great Depression. Benito Mussolini of Italy, Adolf Hitler of Germany, Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, and Hideki Tojo of Japan all became dictators of their countries. These dictators began to move aggressively into other territories to acquire resources. There are attempts made by France and Great Britain to appease Hitler and avoid another war. Italy invaded Ethiopia, Germany annexed Austria, remilitarized the Rhineland, occupied Czechoslovakia; Japan invaded China and French Indochina. France and Great Britain warn that they will declare war if Germany invades Poland…. On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland, and Great Britain & France declare war on Germany … this is the beginning of World War II. France falls to the Germans in June of 1940… In the summer of 1940, the German Luftwaffe begins bombing London. The RAF holds off the German Air Force, Britain refuses to surrender and Germany eventually withdraws. The Germans invade the U.S.S.R. Stalin becomes an ally of Great Britain. Japan made an alliance with the Axis (Germany and Italy)… it becomes part of the Axis Powers. Up until this point, the United States had tried to stay out of the war… (except for sending aid to Great Britain and USSR to help in their war against Germany) On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor because the U.S. Navy blocked Japanese expansion in the Pacific and had embargoed oil and other trade goods. The U.S. declares war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 Three days later, Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. The US is now brought in to WWII. Axis Germany Italy Japan The European Theater: 1939-1945 Allies United States Great Britain Soviet Union The Pacific Theater: 1939-1945