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„Rozvoj vzdělávání žáků karvinských základních škol v oblasti cizích jazyků“ Registrační číslo projektu: CZ.1.07/1.1.07/02.0162 Určeno pro 7. ročník Sekce Se zvýšeným zájmem Předmět Dějepis v AJ Téma / kapitola Preparation for the War (Příprava války) Herald a new war in the thirties were minor conflicts in various parts of the world, accelerating the arms race and increasing conflicts between the superpowers. Politics of Japan In the Far East with an aggressive policy of asserting Japan. In 1931 the Japanese army began to occupy Chinese Manchuria. Although the Western powers protested against the Japanese attack, but the Japanese did not stop. The League of Nations sent to the commission that was to illuminate the course of events. Meanwhile, the Japanese military rule over the whole of Manchuria and created here become totally dependent on Japan. At the beginning of 1932 the Japanese attacked the city of Shanghai. However, encountered resistance from the Chinese population and the Kuomintang army and attack In 1937, China again attacked and managed to conquer large areas of the Chinese coast. Negotiations on disarmament In the early thirties began negotiations on arms control. Between 1932 and 1933 took place in Geneva Disarmament Conference, attended by representatives of nine of fifty states. The negotiations did not reach any conclusion, because the individual powers trying to promote their particular interests. The conference lost its meaning, when Germany left the meeting and shortly afterwards withdrew from the League of Nations. Politics of Germany Hitler's Germany refused to integrate into any system of European security, suggesting the Nazis preparing for war. Germans knowingly violated the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno, when in 1935 introduced conscription. Although the Western powers with this violation of German obligations opposed to any particular measure, but acceded. In 1936 the German army occupied the demilitarized zone in the Rhineland. This time the Western In 1936, Germany and Italy have converged when started to support the Fascists during the Spanish Civil War. Fighting continued until 1939, when the government seized the rebel leader, General Franco, who immediately began to build a fascist state under Italian design. The joint support of the Spanish fascists in European politics formed a new power bloc, the axis Berlin - Rome. At the end of 1936 Germany and Japan concluded a treaty directed against the Comintern and the USSR. After the contract also joined Italy, founded the Axis - Rome - Tokyo. Policy Italy In 1935, Italy decided to expand its territory in Africa and invaded Ethiopia (Abyssinia). Initially, the Italian army advanced rapidly into the interior of the country, but was later Ethiopian troops, who use local knowledge, delayed. Italians have started the hard war of extermination, which Ethiopians could face. Response of the League The war fully exposed the weakness of the League. The identified Italy, while the aggressor, but the sanctions were adopted against it, Italy endanger economically, so that she could continue the attack. The League of Nations failed to intervene effectively, because the Western powers to apply a policy of appeasement, ie the policy of reconciliation and appeasement. This policy was based on the belief that if you withdraw útočníkovým claims, delay the larger conflict. The application of this policy, however, strengthened the aggressive dictatorial states, particularly Germany, and Europe led to a war. The question of Austria The policy of appeasement of Hitler led to believe that he could carry out their attack plans. The first goal of his aggression became Austria. 12th Third 1938 the German army occupied Austria. Annexation of Austria to Germany, the Anschluss, Hitler justified by the need to combine the two German countries, resulted in only the British and French diplomatic protests. 2 The question of Czechoslovakia After Austria, Hitler directed his attention to Czechoslovakia. The excuse to badger Czechoslovakia was alleged suppression of rights of German minorities. He demanded that Czechoslovakia surrendered the territory in which they lived most of the German population. Great Britain and France did not want to risk war for Czechoslovakia, Germany, and therefore withdrew. After several meetings on 29 9th 1938 meeting in Munich conference at which representatives of Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy signed an agreement under which Czechoslovakia had to give border area (also known as the Sudetenland) to Germany. The British and French became public after the conclusion of the Munich Agreement belief that sacrificing a small republic in Central Europe will maintain.15th Third 1939, however, German troops occupied the rest of the Czech lands, on which was a protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The day before the occupation Slovaks declared their state, which was entirely dependent on Germany. Other plans of Germany and Italy Another requirement was to Hitler, Danzig, who was from the end of the war free port administered by the League of Nations. A new crisis had to justify the increasing hostility towards Germany, Poland, Gdansk controlled by foreign and trade policy. In this situation, Great Britain and France to provide security guarantees to Poland in case of war. Tense atmosphere used in Italy occupied Albania in April 1939. Shortly after Germany signed an agrément. After failed negotiations between Great Britain, France and the USSR Stalin decided to negotiate with Germany. In August 1939, signed in Moscow, the foreign ministers of Germany and the Soviet Union (Molotov and Ribbentropp) non-aggression pact. Hitler and make peace on the eastern border and could concentrate on implementing their plans. The contract was also a secret appendix dividing spheres of influence of Germany and the USSR,Poland,Baltics. At the end of the holidays 1939 must have been obvious to European politicians, the approachingwar. 3 Questions: What policies applied in the 30th Japan years? Why came out of negotiations on arms control? The Germany violated the peace treaty? What was the policy of Italy? What is the policy of appeasement? What is the Anschluss? Describe the events in Czechoslovakia. Which country ruled Albania? Which countries have signed non-aggression pact? Literature: Mandel, H.: History of the 20th century, Dialog, Liberec 2005 Kvaček, R. et al. Twentieth century itself, the history of the documents, Dialog, Liberec 2005 Black, P. et al.: History in secondary vocational schools, SPN, Prague 2006 Jancik, D.: History of modern times, Fortuna, Prague, 1997 4