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PITUITARY HORMONES
ANTERIOR
HORMONE
HYPOTHALAMIC
RELEASING/INHIBITING HORMONES
1. ACTH
corticotropin releasing hormone
stimulates hormone release from adrenal cortex
2. Thyroid
stimulating
hormone(TSH)
thyrotropin releasing hormone
stimulates hormone release from thyroid gland
3. Growth
Hormone(GH)
growth hormone releasing horm.
somatostatin inhibits. release
stimulates growth, increases muscle mass
decreases fatty tissue mass
4. Prolactin
prolactin releasing hormone
prolactin inhibiting hormone
milk production
5. Luteinizing
hormone(LH)
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
maturation of sperm and egg, stimulates sex
hormone release from testes and ovary
6. Follicle
stimulating
hormone (FSH)
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
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ACTION(S)
POSTERIOR
1. Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH, vasopressin)- causes kidney water retention
2. Oxytocin – stimulates milk release; contraction of uterus
SUMMARY OF HORMONE ACTIONS
1. THYROID HORMONE ( THYROID GLAND ) (modified amino acid)
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Heat production - Increased oxidation of glucose and fatty acids; increased heart output; increased breathing; increased red blood cells.
Promotes growth and nervous system development- increased protein synthesis; stimulates GH secretion.
( excess- high heart rate , low weight , fatigue; defic.-cretinism in children, low metabolism, weight gain; iodine defic -goiter)
2.CORTISOL (ADRENAL CORTEX) ( steroid)
Increases blood glucose - liver gluconeogenesis from amino acids; decreased glucose uptake into fatty tissue; decreased muscle protein
synthesis, release of muscle amino acids into blood.
( excess- Cushings syndrome with hyperglycemia, muscle wasting ,; defic- Addison’s disease with hypogylcemia , weakness)
3. EPINEPHRINE ( ADRENAL MEDULLA)( modified amino acid )
Supplements action of sympathetic nervous system to maximize use of skeletal muscle ( respond to emergency) - Increase availability of
metabolic fuel ( muscle glycogen breakdown; liver gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown; fat breakdown, release of fatty acids into blood) ;
increased heart output, peripheral vasoconstriction ; open lung passages; increased sweating.
4. INSULIN ( PANCREAS) ( peptide)
Decreases blood glucose- Increased glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells; increased glycogen in muscle and liver; decreased
gluconeogenesis in liver ; increased glucose catabolism ( breakdown) in many tissues.
Increased conversion of glucose to fatty acids in liver and to triglycerides in fat cells
Increased amino acid uptake into muscle, liver and fat cells, decreased protein breakdown ( this action important for tissue growth ).
( defic- diabetes mellitus)
5. GLUCAGON (PANCREAS) ( peptide)
Increases blood glucose - Increase glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in liver; breakdown of triglycerides, oxidation of fatty acids ;
liver protein breakdown, gluconeogenesis from amino acids .
6. SOMATOSTATIN (PANCREAS) ( peptide)
Decreases blood glucose by reducing glucose uptake form intestine