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Content of This Topic The sections in this topic are: Introduction to NOSs. The configuration of Linux and Windows This topic will guide students to: NT operating systems. Resolving technical problems found in Distinguish the functions between an NOSs. operating system and a network operating system. Specific Achievement Objectives Identify the features of Linux/Unix, Novell Netware and Windows NT. Create, delete and rename a user in Introduction to Network Operating Systems (NOSs) Windows NT. Create, edit and delete a Linux User Account. Map a network drive on a Windows NT At the end of this section, students will be able to: (a) workstation. operating system and a network operating Add and change security rights in Windows NT. Distinguish the functions between an system. (b) Resolve technical problems found in Identify the features of Linux/Unix, Novell Netware and Windows NT: Network Operating Systems (NOS). Novell Netware: Expected Prior Knowledge workstation management support; Native TCP/IP protocol support; Be able to operate a network operating NDS; system such as Windows NT. Interoperability; Be able to surf on the Web. Command-line based/Graphical User Interface Suggested Teaching Duration Windows NT: Familiar Interface; 5 periods Including Internet server suite; Interoperability; Graphical User Interface Linux/Unix: Command-line based/Graphical User Interface; 3.3 - 1 Open source code (Linux) ; Network for TCP/IP; A full suite of applications The configuration of Linux Windows NT operating systems and The assessment of this topic is based on At the end of this section, students will be able students' to: problems related to network operating system. (a) (b) (c) ability of resolving technical Create, delete and rename a user in Students are required to surf a technical support Windows NT. web site and find solutions for a problem. In Create, edit and delete a Linux User addition, they need to answer some specific Account. questions if they want to obtain a credit or Map a network drive on a Windows NT distinction. workstation. (d) Add and change security rights in Pass Windows NT. An article with a specific ID is given. In order Resolving technical problems found in NOSs to achieve a pass, students need to define the At the end of this section, students will be able Merit problem and state the solutions for it. to: (e) Resolve technical problems found in In order to achieve a merit, students need to NOSs on the Internet. define a problem found in a Windows 2000 server and provide a solution for it. In addition, students need to describe the ways of searching in a specific Web site. Distinction In order to achieve a distinction, students need to compare two technical support web sites and compare their differences apart from fulfilling the above requirements. 3.3 - 2 3.3.3 This topic introduces the basic features of most popular Network Operating Systems. addition, configuring user accounts 3.3.3a In Teachers run the simulation programs, to and demonstrate how to create, edit and delete user network drives on the Windows NT and Linux accounts in the Linux environment. Then servers will also be taught. students run those simulation programs to familiarize the procedures for managing user accounts and answer questions on the worksheets. 3.3.1 Students need to surf on the Internet to compare an operating system (e.g. Windows 98) and a 3.3.4 network operating system - NOS (e.g. Windows 2000 server). Moreover, they should Teachers demonstrate how to map a network surf to most major NOS developers' websites to drive and students follow teachers' procedures find out the features of those NOSs. to repeat the mapping. Questions will be added As students may not be able to find all the features of each NOS, to test students' understanding. teachers should discuss the features that students have found or missed finally. 3.3.5 Teachers illustrate some scenes related to 3.3.2 3.3.2a Teachers should demonstrate how to add, edit security control to students and let them get familiarized with what security control can be set on files and directories to different users. and delete user accounts in the Windows NT environment. Then students run the simulation program to have practices and answer questions on the worksheets. 3.3 Through the resources on the Internet, students should demonstrate how to resolve some technical problems. 3.3 - 3 No program is perfect. There are some minor bugs in most programs. A service pack is not a new program but is used for fixing bugs and enhancing the functionalities of the system. Up till August 2000, the Microsoft Corporation has released the sixth services pack for the 1. What does FAQs mean? Windows NT 4.0 server. FAQs stands for Frequently Asked Questions. 5. What are the differences among FAT, FAT32 and NTFS? Most technical support web sites have a section called FAQs for users to find answers of most frequently asked questions. FAT stands for File Allocation Table. This file system is used by MS-DOS. The FAT filenames 2. What is the purpose of a user login script? can only be up to 8 characters with a period A user login script is a group of command lines. The FAT32 file system is a newer version of the When a user logs into the network, those FAT which supports smaller cluster sizes for command lines will be executed to set a specific better hard-drive storage and long filenames environment for that user. For example, typing up to 255 characters. and 3 character extension. "net use x: \\WINNT\NTDirectory" in the login script will map a network drive when the user NTFS stands for New Technology File System. login. This supports file compression, fault tolerance schemes, security and hard-drive partitions up 3. What does NDS mean? to 16 gigabytes but can only be used in the Windows NT environments. NDS stands for Novell Directory Services. All things in the Novell network including users 6. What is MMC? and devices will be treated as objects. All these means Microsoft Management objects will be under a main directory (called a MMC tree). It is easy for the administrator to manage Console. This is a tool that standardized the interface of the administrative tools in the Windows NT server. the objects centrally. Branches can also be created to place objects into different groups (branches). The administrator can apply different polices to different groups. 7. What is ERD? 4. What is the purpose of a services pack? A Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) contains critical system files and system configuration 3.3 - 4 that can be used to restore the corrupted Windows NT system. 3.3 - 5 3.3.1(Page 1) Time allowed: 40 minutes Description Surf the web site of the Microsoft Corporation in HK.(http://www.microsoft.com/hk/windows) Complete the given tables to distinguish the functions between a Windows 98 and a Windows 2000 server. Get access to the Internet to find out the features of the following Network Operating Systems (NOSs): Unix/Linux (http://www.redhat.com/products) Novell Netware (http://www.novell.com/products/netware) Microsoft Windows NT (http://www.microsoft.com/hk/windows2000) Discuss the features of these NOSs with your teacher. 3.3 - 6 3.3.1(Page 2) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ 1. Complete the tables shown below: Operating System (e.g. Windows 98) Network Operating System (NOS) (e.g. Windows 2000 server) No. of CPU support The size of Memory support Disk quotas? (Y/N) Centralized Desktop Management? (Y/N) Encrypted Network Communications? (Y/N) Applying group policy? (Y/N) Windows NT Features 1) 2) 3) Novell Netware 1) 2) 3) Linux/Unix 1) 2) 3) 3.3 - 7 3.3.2(Page 1) Time allowed: 40 minutes Description Create an account Run the simulation programs (for reference) Follow the sequences below to launch User Manager for Domains: Start Programs Administrative Tools User Manager for Domains Click the user menu and choose the "New User" option from the menu Create three user accounts based on the information given below: 1. An account for all Form 4 students 2. An account for a Mathematics teacher called Mr. Yu Lok Tin 3. An account for a temporary clerk called Ms. Mo Siu Wai Discuss the settings with your teacher Delete an account Follow the sequences below to launch User Manager for Domains: Start Programs Administrative Tools User Manager for Domains Select the user that will be deleted Go to the User menu Choose the delete option Rename an account Follow the sequences below to launch User Manager for Domains: Start Programs Administrative Tools User Manager for Domains Suppose the Mathematics teacher leaves the school and a new teacher called Mr. James Ho replaces his duty. Click the user that should be renamed Go to the User menu Choose the rename option and configure the account Answer the questions on the worksheets 3.3 - 8 3.3.2(Page 2) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ 1. What boxes should be checked for the Form 4 student account? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name four properties that can be configured for a user account. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. What will happen when you try to delete a user account? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. It is observed that for certain users, the "Account is disabled" check box is selected. Please give a reason. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Give two situations that you need to rename an account. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 9 3.3.3(Page 1) Time allowed: 40 minutes Description Create an account Run the simulation program Type "finger linuxuser" Type "useradd -m linuxuser" ("-m" option is added for creating the home directory and mail box for the new user) Type "passwd linuxuser" Enter the information required Change the login name Run the simulation program Type "usermod -l linux_user linuxuser" Type "finger linuxuser" Type "finger linux_user" Delete an account Run the simulation program Type "userdel -r linux_user" Type "finger linux_user" Answer the questions on the worksheets 3.3 - 10 3.3.3(Page 2) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ Create an account 1. Who has the right to add a user account? __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What message can you see after typing "finger linuxuser"? __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the function of "passwd"? __________________________________________________________________________________ Change the login name 4. Write down the full syntax of "usermod -l" __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What message can you see after typing "finger linuxuser"? Please explain why the messages appear. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Delete an account 6. What is the purpose of the "-r" option? __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Please state one advantage and one disadvantage of using command-line based interface. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 11 3.3.4(Page 1) Time allowed: 40 minutes Description Map a network drive Right-click the "Network Neighbourhood" icon on the Desktop Choose the "Map A Network Drive" option Select drive letter X: for the drive mapping Type a path similar to the format shown below \\Computer_Name\Directory Click OK Verify the network drive Follow the sequences shown below: Start --> Shutdown --> Close all programs and log in as a different user Double-click the "My Computer" icon on the Desktop Check whether there is an icon for Drive X: or not Disconnect the network drive Right-click the "Network Neighbourhood" icon on the Desktop Select the network drive that you want to disconnect it Double-click the "My Computer" icon on the Desktop Check whether there is an icon for Drive X: or not Map and disconnect a network drive in MS-DOS prompt Follow the sequences shown below: Start --> Program --> DOS Prompt Type a path similar to the format shown below Net Use X: \\Computer_Name\Directory Type "X:" to check whether X: drive exists or not Type "Net Use X: /delete" to disconnect the X: drive Check whether there is an icon for Drive X: Answer the questions on the worksheets 3.3 - 12 3.3.4(Page 2) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ 1. What is/are the advantage(s) of mapping a network drive? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Write down the command text to connect the "Mapping" folder in a computer called "Sharing". __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the significance of the drive letter? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 13 3.3.5 (Page 1) Time allowed: 40 minutes Description Students view the file access and the directory access rights. Students answer the questions on the worksheets. 3.3 - 14 3.3.5 (Page 2) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ 1. Give reason(s) for controlling security of files and directories. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. From the above diagram, what are the advantages of providing "Replace permissions on subdirectories" and "Replace permissions on existing files" check boxes? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 15 3.3.5(Page 3) Name: ___________________________________ Class: ________________________(__________) Date: ____________________________________ 3. From the above diagram, what types of access to the file system can you configure? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What types of access rights to the file system will you grant to a guest user? Please explain your choices. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 16 3.3(Page 1) Time expected: 1 week Description Students surf a technical support web site (http://support.microsoft.com) [For getting a "Pass"] Students find out the symptoms and suggest a solution for a problem stated in an article (its article number is "Q263108") [For getting a "Credit" or "Distinction"] A problem was found when "Nero CD-Recording" software was installed on a Windows 2000 server. Please find out the symptoms and provide a solution for it. In addition, answer the rest of the questions. 3.3 - 17 3.3(Page 2) Name: ____________________________________ Class: _________________________(__________) Date: _____________________________________ Pass 1. What is/are the symptom(s) found in the Q263108 article? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the solution for the above symptoms? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Credit or Distinction 1. What is/are the symptoms found when "Nero CD-Recording software" is installed on a Windows 2000 server? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the solution for the above symptoms? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 18 3.3(Page 3) 3. Describe the ways of searching which can be found in this website and suggest one more way. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Surf http://www.redhat.com/apps/support. Compare the technical support website that you have just visited. Which one is better? Please justify your choice. [for getting a "distinction" ] __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 - 19 Network Operating Systems Introduction to Network Operating Systems (NOSs) NOS Network Operating System (NOS) is a combination of programs that give some computers and peripherals the ability to accept requests for service across the network and give other computers the ability to correctly use those services. The networking software in servers provides and controls multiple simultaneous accesses to network resources. The networking software in client workstations intercepts and redirects the requests for service that application programs generate, and sends each of them to the appropriate server for action. Windows NT This is a network operating system developed by the Microsoft Company. Its graphical interface is similar to Windows 98. Windows 2000 This is a new version of Windows NT and its main features include “Active Directory” and support USB devices. Linux This is a version of Unix system developed by Linus Torvalds but runs on Intel-based PCs. Netware This is a NOS developed by Novell. It includes a multiprocessing kernel and uses TCP/IP in its pure form in the latest version. Interoperability The software or hardware parts of a computer system can work in different environments such as Windows, Novell Netware and Linux. Reference URLs: http://www.cit.ac.nz/smac/winnt/default.htm Networking Windows NT Server http://www.support.Microsoft.com Microsoft customer support for Windows NT users. 3.3 - 20