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DOI 10.4010/2016.1518 ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 6 Wireless Power Transmission Using Mutual Inductance Anil Kumar1, Rajbir2 Arshee Siddqui3, Shreya Pahuja4, Mohita Sukalikar5, Vaibhav Gambhir 6 Department of Electronics and Communication Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Representation of WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION USING THE TECHNIQUE OF MUTUAL INDUCTANCE MODEL is being designed in this paper to show that equipments can be run without any usage of wires and just by transmitting power to them wirelessly. This model is also focusing on the needs to saving on electricity for future use and also more efficient, where many equipments can be run through single transmitter without any involvement of tedious work of wires which are not completely efficient as they also cause loss of power during transmission. Also this paper can be used as a reference for further development as per coming technological advancements in the subject of wireless power transmission. 1. INTRODUCTION In today’s world electricity is the basic necessity of modern life without which it is difficult to imagine passing even a single day. The conventional use of is although made possible through the usage of wires only . Although in present day electricity generation system is not much efficient in terms of energy transfer. Almost about 20 to 30% of energy is lost during the time of distributing the electricity. Also, other than that in past times, product designers and engineers have faced many challenges that involve power: the continuity in power supply, recharging of batteries. Although those challenges are still remaining , new demands arising from increased usage of mobile devices and operation in wet environments that means in like rainy seasons ,which means that designers hence require new approaches in supplying power [1]. Also in today’s world it is must to save on to electricity which in conventional use is being spent much more than required. Hence as necessity is mother of invention wireless power transfer (WPT). WPT is the transfer of electric energy from a power source to an electric load without a direct physical connection between them, usually via an electromagnetic field [2].The basic function of WPT is allowing electrical devices to be continuously getting charged and losing constraint of a power cord [3]. Hence using this efficient way of transmission of electric power from one point to another in vacuum or an atmosphere with no use of wire or any other substance. It also has applications where either an instantaneous amount or a continuous energy supply is needed, also stating the fact that conventional wires are at times unaffordable, also inconvenient as well as expensive and hazardous or impossible. The power can be transmitted using microwaves, through magnetic induction method also lasers. WPT is a technology which can transport power to even remote locations, sometimes are impractical to reach [4]. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This concept of wireless transmission of electricity is not something new, but dating back to the 19th century, when the physicist Nikola Tesla used the system of conduction instead of the commonly used resonance magnetic fields in transferring wireless power. In year 1905, Nikola Tesla with his team of construction workers in the small village of Shoreham, New York worked to construct a structure quite extraordinary. Over the time of several years these men had even managed in assembling the framework and also wiring for the Wardenclyffe Tower which was about 187 foot, in spite of many severe problems faced.[5] Again in 2007, Soljacic's team in MIT did the specific tuning of transmitting unit with receiving device. The main aim 'coupling resonance' system, was that the electric energy that was not getting used up by the receiver did not get radiated in the environment around, but it did remain in vicinity of transmitter[6]. MIT team experimentally showed the wireless power transfer, potentially useful for charging of laptops, cell phones without any wires or cords. Imagine a future in which wireless power transfer is feasible where for example; cell phones, laptop or any other portable electronics devices are capable of getting charged up without ever being plugged into the socket. With these experiments we get ideas of creating one such source providing us with wireless power transmission and enabling to use electricity without the involvement of not much safe also a bit inefficient wire work saving on energy as well.[7] 3. TECHNOLOGIES USED Induction-It is the principle of mutual induction which between two coils can be used for the transferring of electrical power without any physical touch orcontact..The transfer of energy is taking place due to the electromagnetic coupling between the two coils. 6301 http://ijesc.org/ Electromagnetic Transmission-. By conversion of current into light, using a laser beam, hence firing this beam towards receiving target power is directed to a single target which is generally known as “power beaming”. Electrodynamic Induction- Also being known as "resonant inductive coupling". It resolves the basic problem with inductive coupling without resonance for wireless energy transfer; specifically, the dependency of efficiency of system on distance of transmission. When this coupling is being used the transmitter and receiver inductors are being tuned to one mutual frequency and the drive current is hence modified from a sinusoidal to a non-sinusoidal transient waveform and the pulse power transfer is occurring over many cycles. In this way power is being transmitted over a distance of up to a few times than that of size of the transmitter. Radio and Microwave-Power transmission through radio waves can be made more directional, hence allowing power beaming up to much longer distance, though with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, in the microwave range. proof.[8] More clearly, mutual induction is the phenomena where, if there is a continuously changing current passing through one of the coil it is producing magnetic field in the space around the first coil known as primary coil primary coil. As soon as this changing magnetic field interacts with the secondary coil it hence produces an induced current in the secondary coil.[5] The amount of inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by their mutual inductance. Hence we can say that to produce coupling between two wires to be increased we need the wires to be coupled into coils and placing them together on a common axis, so that the magnetic field in one coil is being passed into another. The coils can be on be physically placed in one single unit or even can be separated. Both the coils should have equal number of turns and also should be tightly coupled so that we can get even more range.[2] Also we can increase the range by increasing number of turns also by coupling them more tightly according to our requirements. 4. MUTUAL INDUCTION COUPLING Two devices mutually inductively coupled or called magnetically coupled when they are configured in such a way that any change of current in one wire induces a voltage around the end of the second wire through electromagnetic induction. This is due to the phenomenon of mutual inductance. Transformer is an example of inductive coupling. Inductive coupling is preferred as it is much comfortable with less use of wires and also is shock Fig: Mutual Induction Phenomenon 5. Block Diagram of WPT Through Mutual Inductance Power supply Step Down Transformer Power Load Bridge Rectifier DC Battery 6. Components Power Supply- The transformer takes in the input from the wall voltage which is a 240V, 50 Hz, sinusoid. Using diodes, the voltage is rectified. Transformer- (Principle)- The two coils are wound over a Core such that they are magnetically coupled. These coils are called primary and secondary windings[6]. Here, we use a step-down transformer. It is used to scale down the voltage to around 12 V. This is done before the signal is converted to DC because high frequency transformers are small and relatively efficient. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016 Inverter Rectifier Circuit COIL TRANS COIL REC Bridge Rectifier- A full wave bridge rectifier is used to convert the AC signal from the transformer to a pulsating DC signal (Diode number- 4007 used in the circuit). Smaller capacitors (1000 µF, 35V) are used in the filter because the converted signal is 90% DC and 10% AC and frequency is much higher than the 50 Hz signal. A 1kΩ resistor is used as led power rating (1.5V) is much lower than the power received by rectifier (12V). Inverter- this device is basically being used over here to increase the freaquency,and consisting of choke coil which helps in reducing the ripples created in frequency as well as help in converting alternating currents to direct currents. 6302 http://ijesc.org/ Coils and Air gap-The coils are each made out of 100 turns of 20 AWG magnet wire. They are separated by about 6 inches and have a diameter of about 6 inches. The power Distance between both the coils 0cm(min.. distance) 16cms(medium distance) 24cms(max. distance) transfer between them is done through resonant magnetic coupling. Led- Small are being used within the circuits also in secondary coil to show the mutual induction taking place. Intensity between coils due to mutual induction Maximum intensity Mediocre intensity Minimum intensity 7. Advantages Over Existing Methodology( Of power transmission over wires) No tedious wire work required Efficiency increases as less power loss during transmission unlike in wired transmission Safety increases Fast Low maintenance cost Can be made available in remote areas 8. Limitations Although in future by increasing the cost input and other development of technologies we can increase the output of this technique but currently it is been restricted to a certain area, that is just charging mobile laptops chargers and other devices. Secondly, to implement it on large scale area we need to increase the cost funding from government which will take time. 9. Future Improvements The limitations of this model can be removed in future by advancements in technologies whereby increasing the range between the coils and making the transmission more powerful whereby in future only ne transmitter be required International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016 to transmit energy into our home or workplaces and hence energy will be used and saved efficiently as well. 10. Conclusion With this paper we are showing that this technology described in the model if used on large scale and by utilizing the power of this technology completely we can for future use devise a much better option for transmission of power and hence can provide a much more efficient, cost effective and even loss free environment. Where in future there can be scarcity and shortage of fossil fuels which are used for conventional way of producing electricity and which means we won’t be getting enough electricity using such methods to derive electricity which will be even helpful in prevention of earth from greenhouse effects and also wireless electricity transmission will create a much safer work environment around for people. 11. Refrences: [1] Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher, Marin Soljacic, "Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances," Vol. 317, no. 5834, pp. 83 – 86, 7 June 2007. [2] A. Vijay Kumar, P.Niklesh, T.Naveen, “Wireless Power Transmission” Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 1506-1510 6303 http://ijesc.org/ [3] Nikola Tesla, “The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace,” Electrical World and Engineer Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905. [4] Sagolsem Kripachariya Singh, T. S. Hasarmani, and R. M. Holmukhe, “Wireless Transmission of Electrical Power Overview of Recent Research & Development” International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol.4, No.2, April 2012. [5] Sourabh Pawade, Tushar Nimje, Dipti Diwase, “ Goodbye Wires: Approach to Wireless Power Transmission” International Journal of Emerging Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 382-387 April 2012. [6]Prof. Burali Y. N, 2, Prof. Patil C.B., “Wireless Electricity Transmission Based On Electromagnetic and Resonance Magnetic Coupling” International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 7, pp. 48-51, Nov. 2012. [7] Kurs, A., Karalis, A., “Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances,” science, 317(5834), pp. 83-86, 2007. [8] Prof. Vishal V. Pande, Pooja D. Doifode, Dhanashree S. Kamtekar, Prashant P. Shingade, “Wireless Power Transmission Using Resonance Inductive Coupling” Prof. Vishal V. Pande et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 9) , pp.46-50, April 2014. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016 6304 http://ijesc.org/