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A ‘Television Game Show’ is about a game! It always has an element of competition at its core. Game shows do not include reality TV shows like I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here, or The Great British Bake Off, or films like Slumdog Millionaire. A sub-genre is a smaller group within the main genre. Television Game Shows can be divided into these sub-genres: activity oriented, dating, panel games, puzzle oriented, quiz shows Sub-genres can overlap. Game shows can belong to more than one sub-genre. Format The format is the outline of what happens, where, how and in what order. The format includes the gameplay. To be a Game Show, the programme MUST be based around a game - if it is not based on a game, it is not a Game Show! Because it is a game, it must have: Competitors, Rules, A scoring system, Winners and losers The format answers the questions: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How? Sound Title sequences - the title sequence tell the Soundis used to create mood, atmosphere and tension; to viewers what kind of programme it is, and set the make it more realistic; to make the game show more exciting tone and mood. They use colours, images and music. and to add drama and intensity to certain sequences. Certain sounds may be amplified on the soundtrack – e.g. the The design and layout of the set: Where does the host sit or stand? Where do the contestants sit or stand? Do they have desks or tables? sound of a contestant breathing, or the audience laughing. Sound may be a mixture of dialogue, music / soundtrack, of ambient sound and of sound effects. The dialogue might be scripted, semi-scripted, ad lib, or a mixture. Any props they use Costumes or clothes – smart, casual, special costumes? Representation The camera work (close-ups, long shots…) This is the way the media reflects the ‘real world’ back The camera angles (high angle, eye-level…) to us. The media’s presentation is never ‘transparent.’ The lighting (high-key, low-key…) Every representation is biased, even by what is The colour codes representations reflect the ideas, biases and included (or represented) and what is left out. All assumptions of the producers. The audience can also read the representations in a Stereotypes TV Game Shows use stereotypes to communicate ideas. The audience finds stereotypes (e.g. the dumb blonde, the clever nerd) easy to recognise and easy to understand. People might be represented as the stereotype because it is easier than giving a more complex portrayal. biased way, or from a particular point of view. It can be a problem if we see a biased representation so often that we start to believe it is real or true. The cultivation theory People who watch television frequently are more likely to be influenced by the messages from the world of television. The influence goes to such an extent that Uses and gratification theory Entertainment and diversion – taking you away from your own problems and your own world for a while – escapism, their world view and perceptions start reflecting what they repeatedly see and hear on television. Television is, therefore, considered to contribute independently to the way people perceive social reality. We believe what we see! Surveillance and information – finding out about new things and information, helping you to get knowledge about the Reinforcement theory world Argues that people’s attitudes, beliefs Personal identity – testing yourself and comparing yourself and behaviour is more likely to be to people in the game shows, wondering how would you react influenced by their family, schools, to the same situation communities and religious institutions. Personal companionship – getting accustomed to the argued that the only time the media can presenters as if they are friends; wanting to know what influence people was when the media happens to contestants; having something to talk about with introduce a new idea or concept. others. Klapper pointed out that there are particular attitudes and beliefs that the mass media is particularly unlikely to change, such as racial and religious Institution tolerance Institution is the business and industry behind the texts. Institutions are the companies who create, produce, market and regulate TV Game Shows. Institution can mean: Audience The TV Channels (Sky, the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5) Game shows are designed and marketed to appeal to The production companies like Fremantle or Endemol The programmes themselves (Pointless, Take Me Out) The regulators (Ofcom). Some channels are Public Service Broadcasters (PSB). They get money from the government, the license fee or charities. They have to provide a service to the public. Other channels are commercial. They are run solely as businesses. They have to make money for the shareholders. They often make money by selling advertising space. different types of people. Producers 'segment' the audience into different groups, and aim their product at one segment. This is their target market or target audience. Demographics is one way of dividing up the audience into groups or segments. Demographics uses factual information to group the audience. Each group is assumed to have similar ideas and interests. Demographics includes age, gender, occupation and location, class and so on. It is a key way of segmenting the audience for different game shows. Key Terms