Download File - Coach Morgan World History Website

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France & G.B. remained democratic by 1939.
Totalitarian State became new form of
dictatorship.
Totalitarian State: A government that aims to
control the political, economic, social,
intellectual & cultural lives of its people.
Benito Mussolini established the 1st European Fascist movement.
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Fascism: Glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing
the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler.
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Mussolini formed the Blackshirts (armed Fascists).
A). Blackshirts attacked socialist offices &
newspapers, also used violence to break up
strikes.
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Mussolini was supported by middle class Industrialist & large
landowners.
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Emmanuel III was the king of Italy in 1922.
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Emmanuel made Mussolini Prime Minister in 1922.
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Fascist party outlawed all other political parties in 1926.
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Mussolini secret police was called the OVRA.
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Mussolini became known as II Duce.
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Lenin was head of the Soviet Union by 1921.
Lenin abandoned War Communism for New
Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921.
New Economic Policy: Allow peasants to sell
their produce, & retail stores and small
industries could be privately owned, but heavy
industry, banking, & mines remained in the
hands of the government.
Lenin new state was called Union Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR).
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Lenin died May 1924.
Politburo: A committee that had become the
leading policymaking body of the Communist
Party.
Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin struggle for
power.
Stalin used the Post as General Secretary to
gain complete control of the Communist Party.
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Joseph Stalin gained control of government.
Stalin introduced the Five Year Plan.
Five Year Plan: Transform Russia from
agricultural into an industrial country.
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Spanish military forces led by Francisco
Franco revolted in 1936.
Italy & Germany aided Franco forces with
arms, money, & men.
Franco’s forces captured Madrid in 1939 to end
the Spanish Civil War.
Franco established a Dictatorship.
Adolf Hitler born Austria April 20, 1889.
 Hitler join the German Workers’ Party in 1919.
A). Right wing extreme Nationalist party.
B). Hitler took control of the party in 1921.
 Renamed the party National Socialist German
Workers’ Party (NSDAP) or Nazi Party.
 Hitler staged an uprising against the government
in 1923 called Beer Hall Putsch.
A). Sentenced to prison for 5 years Dec. 1923
(served 1 year).
 Wrote the book called Mein Kampf in prison (An
account of his movement & its basic ideas).
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Nazi party became the largest party in Germany
by 1932.
Hitler became chancellor in 1933 and introduced
the Enabling Act.
Enabling Act: The law gave government the power
to ignore the constitution for 4 years, while it
issued laws to deal with the country’s problems.
Parliament (Reichstag) appointed Hitler dictator
June 1934.
People that opposed the regime was placed in
concentration camps.
Hitler set up 4 things as Dictator.
A). Trade Unions were dissolved
B). Concentration camps set up
C). Political parties except the Nazis were
abolished.
D). When Hindenburg died in 1934, the office
of the president was abolished.
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Hitler’s goal was the development of an Aryan
racial state that would dominate Europe &
possibly the world for generations to come.
Hitler wanted to create the Third Reich.
Schutztaffein (SS) was his important force for
maintaining order. (Heinrich Himmler in
charge)
Hitler solved the unemployment with a
massive rearmament program.
Nuremberg Laws excluded Jews from German
citizenship & forbade marriages between Jews
& German citizens.
 The Kristallnacht: Nov. 9, 1938, Nazis burned
synagogues & destroyed some 7,000 Jewish
businesses.
A). Least 100 Jews were killed
B). 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up &
sent to concentration camps.
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