Download Function - Webster Elementary School

Human Body Systems I
It’s all about Homeostasis!!!
Our body systems have evolved to maintain
constant internal conditions including-
Temperature
Water Level
Oxygen Level
pH
Glucose Level
*A.T.P. Level
Integumentary System
Parts: Skin – Epidermis, Hair with Muscle, Sweat Glands,
Nerves, Fat, Blood Vessels
Hair, Nails
Functions:
1. Sense of TouchHeat, Cold, Pain, Pressure
2. Maintaining Homeostasis
including temperature
regulation, water balance
3. Protection from injury and UV solar
radiation (melanin protein)
Malignant Melanoma
- The most dangerous form of Skin Cancer
- Spreads (Metastasizes) very easily to other,
more important systems like lungs, liver,
brain, etc.
- Often caused by overexposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation from the sun or tanning
- Like all cancers, caused by mutation to the
genes that control cell division / Mitosis
(Oncogenes)
- cells divide out of control forming masses
called Tumors that get in the way of
normal function.
Respiratory System
Parts: Diaphragm, Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Trachea,
Cilia, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Lungs, Alveoli,
Red Blood Cells, Blood Plasma, Larynx
Functions: 1. Diffusion of Oxygen from air to red
blood cells
2.Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide from
blood to air
3. Capture of airborne bacteria in
mucus and motivation of
pathogens up and out using Cilia
Notes:
Remember that we inhale when the
Diaphragm flexes and exhale when it
relaxes.
Diffusion is a passive process where
substances move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.
Lung Cancer
- Extremely deadly form of cancer
- Often caused by the most dangerous voluntary
human behavior – smoking tobacco!
- Cells are killed by hot poisonous smoke and
then need to be replaced by Mitosis
- Like all cancers, caused by mutation to the
genes that control cell division / Mitosis
(Oncogenes)
- Cells divide out of control forming masses
called Tumors that get in the way of
normal function.
Circulatory System
Parts: Blood, Heart, Arteries (away from the
heart), Capillaries, Veins (back to the heart)
Functions:
1. Delivery of Oxygen from Lungs and Food
from Liver to tissues
2. Removal of Carbon Dioxide to the lungs
and other Waste Products to the
Kidneys (liquids) and
Large Intestine (solids)
Notes:
The right side of the Heart pumps low oxygen
blood to the lungs and back to the left side
(Pulmonary Circulation).
The left side pumps high oxygen blood out to
the tissues and back to the right side (Systemic
Circulation).
Heart Attack
- Often caused by poor diet with lots of
Saturated Fats and / or lack of exercise.
- Saturated Fats (plaque) build up and block the
arteries that bring oxygen to the heart
muscle (Coronary Arteries).
- Lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle to die
which really hurts a lot!
- If enough of the heart muscle dies, the heart
cannot function and the person dies with
it.
Endocrine System
Parts: Hypothalamus and Glands,
Hormones (chemical messages)
Function:
1. Carry chemical messages through
the blood stream to activate or
inactivate organs.
2. Cause developmental changes in
the body – puberty!
Most Important parts to know in
the Endocrine System
1. Hypothalamus – part of the brain that relays
information and instructions to the
Pituitary Gland
2. Pituitary Gland – the “Master Gland”, using
directions from the Hypothalamus produces
various Stimulating Hormones to control the
other glands.
The Tiger QuestionSensing of Large Predator->
1. Brain informs Hypothalamus (the relay
station)->
2. Pituitary (the Master Gland) Activated,,
releases Adrenal Stimulating Hormone
(ASH) ->
3. Adrenals Activated, release Adrenalin
(Epinephrine) ->
4. “Fight or Flight (or Freeze)” Response
Increased Heart Rate, Respiration Rate,
Glucose Processing – Energy!!!
The Sandwich QuestionSensing sandwich->
1. Brain informs Hypothalamus (the relay
station)->
2. Pituitary (the Master Gland) Activated,
releases Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) ->
3. Thyroid Activated,
releases Thyroxin hormone4. Cascade of Digestive Organs Activated
Diabetes
Two kinds1. Type I
- Inherited genetic condition (mutation)
where person’s Pancreas cannot
make enough insulin (the hormone
that brings glucose sugar from the
bloodstream into our cells)
- usually shows up early in life 3 – 10 y.o.
- Glucose in blood builds up and becomes
toxic to organs
- Causes serious circulatory problems and
organ failure
2. Type II
- Adult or adolescent (early onset)
- Often caused by too much sugar in diet
- Pancreas needs to work too hard and
eventually the cells that make Insulin
“wear out”
- Becoming very common due to highsugar diets since 1970
*In both types, patient will need to closely
monitor blood sugar and inject Insulin
supplements to survive*
Nervous System
Parts: Neurons / Nerves – Nerve Cells
Peripheral (PNS)Sensory and Motor Nerves
Central (CNS)Spinal Chord and Brain
Functions:
1. Sensing the outside world
2. Carry electrical signals to monitor and
effect organ and tissue function to
maintain Homeostasis
3. Memory and Personality
Synapse- the connection over
the gap between neurons.
Parts and Functions of the Human Brain
Spinal Cord
-Relays messages between the Outside
World and the Brain, Reflexes
Brainstem including Medulla Oblongata
- Involuntary Functions including breathing
and heart rate, temperature
Cerebellum
- Balance and Physical Coordination, Vision
Cerebrum
- Thinking, Learning, Personality, Memory
Anatomy of the Human Brain
Hand on a Hot Stove1. Sensory Nerves register the heat and pain ->
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sensory
Neurons carry message to Brain via Spinal
Cord (Central Nervous System CNS)
3. CNS processes the message
4. CNS sends message down PNS Motor
Neurons to arm muscles
5. Flex Muscles - Pull hand off stove
6. Build a Memory!!!