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CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
Jan2017
ASSESSMENT_CODE MIT106_Jan2017
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494645_1
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain the software development methodology and software
development process.
Software Development Methodology is a series of processes that, if
followed, can lead to the development of an application.
Niklaus Wirth, the inventor of Pascal says:
Algorithms + Data structures = Programs
(2 marks)
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
The software development process: System development can be
viewed as a process. Furthermore, the development itself, in essence, is a
process of change, refinement, transformation, or addition to the existing
product.
The process can be divided into small, interacting phases – sub
processes. Each sub process must have the following:

A description in terms of how it works

Specification of the input required for the process

Specification of the output to be produced
(3 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494646_2
Explain Structured programming methods
QUESTION_TEXT
SCHEME OF
Structured programming
EVALUATION
It is a subset of procedural programming that enforces a logical structure
on the program being written to make it more efficient and easier to
understand and modify. Certain languages such as Ada, Pascal, and
dBASE are designed with features that encourage or enforce a logical
program structure.
(2 marks)
Structured programming frequently employs a top-down design model, in
which developers map out the overall program structure into separate
subsections. A defined function or set of similar functions is coded in a
separate module or sub module, which means that code, can be loaded
into memory more efficiently and that modules can be reused in other
programs. After a module has been tested individually, it is then integrated
with other modules into the overall program structure.
(3 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494647_3
Explain the operating system concepts in detail.
QUESTION_TEXT
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
An operating system (OS) is a platform that controls the implementation
of an application program and acts as an interface between the user and
computer hardware. The purpose of an OS is to provide an environment in
which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.
The operating system must provide definite services to programs and to
the users of those programs in order to make the programming task easier,
these services will differ from one OS to another. It shields the user of the
machine from the low-level details of the machine's operation and
provides frequently needed facilities. There is no universal definition of
what an operating system consists of. You can think of it as being the
software which is already installed on a machine, before you add anything
of your own.
(2.5 marks)
Generally the operating system has a number of key features: (i) Technical
layer of software for driving the hardware of the computer, like disk
drives, the keyboard and the screen; (ii) File system which provides a way
of organizing files logically, and (iii) Simple command language which
enables users to run their own programs and to manipulate their files in a
simple way. Some operating systems also provide text editors, compilers,
debuggers and a variety of other tools. Since the operating system (OS) is
in charge of a computer, all requests to use its resources and devices need
to go through the OS. An OS therefore provides (IV) legal entry points
into its code for performing basic operations like writing to devices.
(2.5 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494648_4
Explain the following functions of operating system
i.
Device Management
QUESTION_TEXT
ii
User Interface
Device Management:
Device management controls peripheral devices by sending them
commands in their proprietary command language. The software routine
that deals with each device is called a "driver," and the operating system
requires drivers for the peripherals attached to the computer. When a new
peripheral is added, that device's driver is installed into the operating
system.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
(2.5 marks)
User interface – The user interacts with the operating systems through the
user interface and usually interested in the look and feel of the operating
system. The most important components of the user interface are the
command interpreter, the file system, on-line help, and application
integration. The recent trend has been toward increasingly integrated
graphical user interfaces that encompass the activities of multiple
processes on networks of computers.
(2.5 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494649_5
QUESTION_TEXT
Write a note on Information Source and Channel with reference to data
communication
Information source: Information source is one in which information is
generated. Source of information may be analog or digital. Source of
information may be for example, human brain originating ideas and
changes in the physical environment. If this information or message is
not in the electrical form, then it has to be converted into electrical form.
This is done by using a suitable input transducer which converts the
message into electrical signal then it is fed to the transmitter. For example,
input transducer could be a microphone which converts sound into
electrical signal. This can be used in case the information source produces
voice signal.
(2.5 marks)
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Channel: The medium which carriers the information signal is called
transmission channel or simply channel. That is, the medium which the
information coming from a transmitter actually propagates or travels to a
particular receiver. This channel is used for sending the information from
one place to another place. Some of the transmission channels are:

Couple of wires

coaxial cable

Radio wave

Laser beam
 Fiber optic
While transmission each transmission channel produces some loss of
energy. It is because when the distance increases cause the decrease in
energy.
(2.5 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494650_6
QUESTION_TEXT
Write in detail about data Transmission methods.
Data Transmission methods
There are three methods of data transfer. These methods are discussed
below:
 Simplex communication: In this type, data transfer occurs in only
one direction, i.e., either from source to destination or destination to
source machines.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
 Half-duplex communication: In this type, data transfer occurs in
either directions, but not simultaneously.

Full-duplex communication: In this type, data transfer occurs
in either direction simultaneously. The protocol must also determine the
number of logical channels per connection along with their individual
priorities. Many networks provide at least two logical connections per
channel, one for normal data, and one for urgent data.
(5 Marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494651_7
Explain the classifications of Computers
QUESTION_TEXT
Classification of Computers
Computers are classified according to their data processing speed, amount
of data that they can hold and price. Generally, a computer with high
processing speed and large internal storage is called a big computer. Due
to rapidly improving technology, we are always confused among the
categories of computers.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Depending upon their speed and memory size, computers are classified
into following four main groups.
1.
Supercomputer
2.
Mainframe computer
3.
Mini computer
4.
Microcomputer
Supercomputer
Supercomputer is the most powerful and fastest, and also very expensive.
It was developed in 1980s. It is used to process large amount of data and
to solve the complicated scientific problems. It can perform more than one
trillions calculations per second. It has large number of processors
connected parallel. So parallel processing is done in this computer. In a
single supercomputer thousands of users can be connected at the same
time and the supercomputer handles the work of each user separately.
Super computer are mainly used for:

Weather forecasting

Nuclear energy research

Aircraft design

Automotive design

Online banking

To control industrial units
Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are also large-scale computers but supercomputers
are larger than mainframe. These are also very expensive. The mainframe
computer specially requires a very large clean room with air-conditioner.
This makes it very expensive to buy and operate. It can support a large
number of various equipment’s. It also has multiple processors. Large
mainframe systems can handle the input and output requirements of
several thousands of users. For example, IBM, S/390 mainframe can
support 50,000 users simultaneously. The users often access then
mainframe with terminals or personal computers.
There are basically two types of terminals used with mainframe systems.
1) Dumb Terminal: Dumb terminal does not have its own CPU and
storage devices. This type of terminal uses the CPU and storage devices of
mainframe system. Typically, a dumb terminal consists of monitor and a
keyboard (or mouse).
2) Intelligent Terminal: Intelligent terminal has its own processor and
can perform some processing operations. Usually, this type of terminal
does not have its own storage. Typically, personal computers are used as
intelligent terminals. A personal computer as an intelligent terminal gives
facility to access data and other services from mainframe system. It also
enables to store and process data locally.
Minicomputers
These are smaller in size, have lower processing speed and also have
lower cost than mainframe. These computers are known as minicomputers
because of their small size as compared to other computers at that time.
The capabilities of a minicomputer are between mainframe and personal
computer. These computers are also known as midrange computers. The
minicomputers are used in business, education and many other
government departments. Although some minicomputers are designed for
a single user but most are designed to handle multiple terminals.
Microcomputer
The microcomputers are also known as personal computers or simply PCs.
Microprocessor is used in this type of computer. These are very small in
size and cost. The IBM’s first microcomputer was designed in 1981 and
was named as IBM-PC. After this many computer hardware companies
copied the design of IBM-PC. The term “PC-compatible” refers any
personal computer based on the original IBM personal computer design.
(2.5 marks each point)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494652_8
QUESTION_TEXT
List and explain the categories of Microcomputers
Microcomputers are further divided into following categories.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
1.
Laptop computer
2.
Workstation
3.
Network computer
4.
Handheld computer
1. Laptop computer
Laptop computer is also known as notebook computer. It is small size (85-
by-11 inch notebook computer and can fit inside a briefcase. The laptop
computer is operated on a special battery and it does not have to be
plugged in like desktop computer. The laptop computer is portable and
fully functional microcomputer. It is mostly used during journey. It can be
used on your lap in an airplane. It is because it is referred to as laptop
computer.
The memory and storage capacity of laptop computer is almost equivalent
to the PC or desktop computer. It also has the hard disc, floppy disk drive,
Zip disk drive, CD-ROM drive, CD-writer etc.
It has built-in keyboard and built-in trackball as pointing device. Laptop
computer is also available with the same processing speed as the most
powerful personal computer. It means that laptop computer has same
features as personal computer. Laptop computers are more expensive than
desktop computers. Normally these computers are frequently used in
business travelers.
2. Workstations
Workstations are special single user computers having the same features
as personal computer but have the processing speed equivalent to
minicomputer or mainframe computer. A workstation computer can be
fitted on a desktop. Scientists, engineers, architects and graphic designers
mostly use these computers. Workstation computers are expensive and
powerful computers. These have advanced processors, more RAM and
storage capacity than personal computers. These are usually used as
single-user applications but these are used as servers on computer network
and web servers as well.
3. Network computers
Network computers are also version of personal computers having less
processing power, memory and storage. These are specially designed as
terminals for network environment. Some types of network computers
have no storage. The network computers are designed for network,
Internet or Intranet for data entry or to access data on the network. The
network computers depend upon the network’s server for data storage and
to use software. These computers also use the network’s server to perform
some processing tasks.
In the mid-1990s the concept of network computers became popular
among some PC manufacturers. As a result several variations of the
network computers quickly became available. In business, variations of
the network computer are Windows terminals, NetPCs and diskless
workstations. Some network computers are designed to access only the
Internet or to an Intranet. These devices are sometimes called Internet
PCs, Internet boxes etc. In home some network computers do not include
monitor. These are connected to home television, which serves as the
output devices. A popular example of a home-based network computer is
Web TV, which enables the user to connect a television to the Internet.
The Web TV has a special set-top box used to connect to the Internet and
also provides a set of simple controls which enable the user to navigate the
Internet, send and receive e-mails and to perform other tasks on the
network while watching television. Network computers are cheaper to
purchase and to maintain than personal computers.
4. Handheld computer
In the mid1990s, many new types of small personal computing devices
have been introduced and these are referred to as handheld computers.
These computers are also referred to as Palmtop Computers. The handheld
computers sometimes called Mini-Notebook Computers. The type of
computer is named as handheld computer because it can fit in one hand
while you can operate it with the other hand. Because of its reduced size,
the screen of handheld computer is quite small. Similarly it also has small
keyboard. The handheld computers are preferred by business traveler.
Some handheld computers have a specialized keyboard. These computers
are used by mobile employees, such as meter readers and parcel delivery
people, whose jobs require them to move from place to place.
(2.5 marks each point)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494653_9
Explain in detail about Mac OS.
QUESTION_TEXT
Mac OS
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Mac OS was named by the Apple company as "Mac System Software" in
the beginning, a specially designed operating system only for 68K first
Motorola processors with own Macintosh hardware, Mac OS takes up a
special role in the world of desktop systems. The first version was
"System 1" and appeared bundled with the Mac in 1984. The classic
desktop is designed as a single user operating system and almost
completely hides the full path to files and directories. The graphic
representation is condensed to the essence. Whole interface is very easy to
use and does not need the right mouse button for user interaction. Mac OS
does not include a command line interface.
(3 marks)
Starting with System 3.0, the used file system HFS was used officially,
which does not different between uppercase and lowercase letters. System
5.0 was the first release to run several programs with the integrated
MultiFinder at the same time. The operating system was programmed up
to system 6.0 mostly in assembler and partially in Pascal and used a 24-bit
addressing mode. Cooperative Multi-tasking could optionally be enabled
in System 6. System 7.0 first supported 32-bit addressing. Thus allow the
operating system can use more memory and more powerful programs.
Since 1994 System 7.5 supported for the first time the PowerPC
architecture and is optimized with the following Mac OS versions further
on this architecture. With System software 7.6 the name was changed to
Mac OS in January 1997.
(3 marks)
The optimization of the operating system to the hardware has the
disadvantage that the system software cannot be installed on every Mac.
Application compatibility to the Mac systems may also vary with each
version. 2006 MacOS X was presented for the first time publicly on x86
hardware, Apple allows the use of Mac OS X only on specific intelMacintosh systems. According to Steve Jobs Mac OS X have been
developed since 2000 internally parallel for Intel and PowerPC
processors. The version of Mac OS X 10.6.0 raised the optimization to
Intel-based processors further, the new operating system is no longer
available for PowerPC Macintosh or pure 32-bit Intel processors. In return
the user receives a pure 64-bit operating system optimized for
performance on multiple processors. Even the GPU computing power
itself can be used with specific applications. The selection of software is
focused on the creative industry and enables such as the professional
graphic, audio and video editing. Office applications such as MacWrite,
Microsoft Office, OpenOffice and 3D games are also available. The
choice of browsers is large with iCab, Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Netscape, Opera and Mozilla Firefox.
(4 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
494654_10
Explain the features of Word Processor
QUESTION_TEXT
Word processor: It is a computer application used for the production
(including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any
sort of printable material. A word processor may also refer to a standalone computer unit similar to a typewriter, but frequently including
technological advancements such as a screen, advanced formatting and
printing options, and the ability to save documents onto memory cards or
diskettes. Word processors almost invariably allowed the user to choose
between standard typing and word processing modes by way of a switch.
Such word processors should not be confused with an electric typewriter.
(3 marks)
Word processors are descended from early text formatting tools
(sometimes called text justification tools, from their only real capability).
Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal
computer in office productivity. Microsoft Word is the most widely used
computer word processing system. There are also many other commercial
word processing applications, such as WordPerfect. Open-source
applications such as OpenOffice's Writer and KWord are rapidly gaining
in popularity.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
(3 marks)
Word processing typically refers to text manipulation functions such as
automatic generation of:

Batch mailings using a form letter template and an address database
(also called mail merging);

Directories of keywords and their page numbers;

Tables of contents with section titles and their page numbers;

Tables of figures with caption titles and their page numbers;

Cross-referencing with section or page numbers;

Footnote numbering
Other word processing functions include "spell checking" (actually checks
against wordlists), "grammar checking" (checks for what seem to be
simple grammar errors), and a "thesaurus" function (finds words with
similar or opposite meanings). In most languages grammar is very
complex, so grammar checkers tend to be unreliable and also require a
large amount of memory.
(4 marks)