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JuliusCaesarStudyGuideQuestions NOTE:Answeronyourownpaper.Typedanswers arepreferable;ifyoudohandwrite,pleasebe extraordinarilyneat. I. BACKGROUNDKNOWLEDGE DIRECTIONS:Useanyreputableinternetsourcetoanswerthefollowingbackgroundquestions.Answer thoroughlyinyourownwords. 1) HowdidtheGreekphilosopherAristotledefine“tragedy”? 2) AccordingtoAristotle,whatelementsmakeupa“tragichero”? 3) TherulingbodyofRomefrom60–53BCwasthe“FirstTriumvirate”madeupofthreeindividuals whosharedpower:JuliusCaesar,MarcusCrassus,andPompeiusMagnus(Pompey). a) WhathappenedtoCrassus? b)WhathappenedtoPompey…thatleftJuliusCaesarinsolecontrolofpower? 4) WhatisaRomanTriumph? 5) WhatisthehistoryoftheRomanFestivalofLupercal?Howisitcelebrated? II. LITERARYDEVICES 1) ALLITERATION—repetitionofinitialsounds(EX:“Happyheroeshauntthehallowedhallways.”) Asyoureadtheplay,findandwritedown10EXAMPLESofalliterationandwhereyoufound them.Thefollowingwouldmakeagoodformatforrecordingthealliterationyoufind. ALLITERATION: LOCATION: _____________________________________________________________ “Ohyouhardhearts!” 1;1;35(FYI—thatmeans:ActI;SceneI;Line35) 2) METAPHORS—comparingonethingtoanother(EX:“Thesunwasanexecutioner.”) SIMILES—comparisonsusing“like”or“as”(EX:“Oldageliketreesinwinter.”) Asyoureadtheplay,findandwritedown10EXAMPLESofmetaphorand/orsimile.EX: METAPHOR/SIMILE: LOCATION: _____________________________________________________________ “Youblocks!Youstones!” 1;1;34 (saidtoagroupofmen) 3) PERSONIFICATION—anon-humanthingisgrantedhuman-likeattributes(EX:“Thesneeringsea”) Asyoureadtheplay,findandwritedown10EXAMPLESofpersonification.EX: PERSONIFICATION: LOCATION: _____________________________________________________________ “Tibertrembledunderneathherbanks” 1;1;45 (Tiberisariver) III. CAESARACTI SCENE1:TheplayopensonthedayofLupercal—whichShakespearealsomakesoccuronthesamedaythat CaesarholdsaTriumph.FlaviusandMurellus,twogovernmentofficialscalledtribunes,areupsetthatworking folkarecelebrating.TheyareupsetbecauseCaesar’svictorywasnotavictoryoverforeigners,butavictoryina civilwarofRomansagainstRomans(Caesarvs.Pompey)…thereforesomethingtobelamented,notcelebrated. 1) Giveanexampleofapunusedinthisscene: 2) Whenaskedwhyheis“leadingmenaboutthestreets,”theCobblergivesbothacomicalreason andaseriousreason.Whatarethesetworeasons? 3) WhydoesMurellusfindthecommonershypocritical?(Inotherwords,howdidthecommoners usedtoactregardingPompeyandnowhowdotheyactregardingPompey’sdefeat?) 4) Inadditiontodrivingthecommonersfromthestreets,MurellusandFlaviusarealsogoingto “disrobetheimagesif[theyare]deckedwithceremonies.”Usethemarginalnotestofigureout whatthismeans: SCENE2:CassiustriestopersuadeBrutustoconspirewithhimagainstCaesar. 5) WhatareCaesar’sinstructionstoMarcAntony/Antonius?Whatdoesthisindicateabout Calpurnia? 6) WhatwarningdoesCaesarreceivefromaSoothsayer?HowdoesCaesartakeit? 7) CassiusaccusesBrutusofnotbeingasfriendlytowardhimashehadbeenbefore.Whatexcuse doesBrutusgiveforhisbehavior? 8) NameTWOwaysthatCassiususesflatteryashetalkstoBrutus: 9) WhatdoyouthinkisthepointCassiusistryingtomakebytellingthestoryofCassiusandCaesar swimminginariver? 10) NameTWOwaysthatCassiustriestoconvinceBrutusthatBrutusisjustasgoodasCaesar: 11) WhatdoesBrutussayhewilldowithalltheinformationCassiushasjusttoldhim? 12) CaesarthinksthatCassiusisdangerous.NameTHREEfaultsthatCaesarattributestoCassius: 13) WhathandicapdoesCaesarrevealwhenheasksMarkAntonytotalktohim“on[his]righthand,” orinotherwords,onhisrightside? 14) HowmanytimeswasCaesarofferedacrown?Howdoyouknowhewastemptedtotakeit? 15) HowdidthecrowdreacttoCaesarfallingdown?(Bytheway,Caesarisknowntohavebeen afflictedwithepilepsy;thatiswhywecallattacksofepilepsy“seizures.”) 16) WhathashappenedtoMurellusandFlavius? 17) Attheendofthescene,CassiusrevealsanotherplantofurtherconvinceBrutustoconspirewith himagainstCaesar.WhatdoesCassiusplantodo? SCENE3:Moreplottingwhileastormrages. 18) NameFOURunusual/supernaturaleventsthatoccurduringthestorm: 19) Cassiushasgoneaboutinthiscrazystormwithhisjacket“unbraced”(open),baringhischesttothe storm.HecriticizesCascaforbeingafraidandnotunderstandingthetruecauseofallthestrange phenomena.DoyourbesttofigureoutwhatCassiusthinksisthetruereasonforthesupernatural storm: 20) IfCaesariscrownedking,Cassiussays“IknowwhereIwillwearthisdaggerthen,”meaninghe intendstocommitsuicide.ReadtherestofCassius’sspeechaboutsuicidecarefully.Whatdoes Cassiusbelieveisthepowerofsuicide? 21) InproclaimingtheRomansweak,whatareTWOthingsthatCassiuscomparesthemto? 22) WhatdoesCassiusaskCinnatodo? 23) IntalkingaboutBrutus,Cascasays“Oh,hesitshighinallthepeople’shearts/Andthatwhich wouldappearoffenseinus/Hiscountenance,likerichestalchemy/Willchangetovirtueandto worthiness.”Doyourbestto“translate”thisintomodernlanguage.Inotherwords,whatdoesthis passagemean? IV. CAESARACTII SCENE1: 24) BrutusbelievesthatCaesarisnotdangerousnow…butheisafraidifCaesariscrowned,Caesarwill changeandhisambitionwillcauseproblems.DescribeoneofthemetaphorsthatBrutususesto describeCaesar’spotentialfortyranny. 25) AfterBrutusreadstheanonymousletter,whatpromisedoesBrutusmaketoRome? 26) Listthemembersoftheconspiracythatarrive(helpingyougetfamiliarwiththeirnames): 27) WhydoesBrutusbelievetheyshouldNOTaskCicerotojointheconspiracy? 28) WhydoesBrutusbelievetheyshouldNOTkillMarcAntonyaswell?Notethatinexplaininghis reasons,BrutuscomparesAntonytoalimb(anarm/leg)ofCaesar. 29) WhatreasondoesCassiusgiveforwhyCaesarmightnotgototheCapitol? 30) WhatmethoddoesDeciussayhe’llusetogetCaesarthere? 31) PortiabelievessomethingiswrongwithherhusbandBrutus.NameTHREEpiecesofevidenceshe statestobackupherbelief. 32) WhydoesPortiabelieveshehasarighttoknowwhatisgoingonwithBrutus? 33) THOUGHTQUESTION:ReadtherestofPortia’sspeechescarefully.HowdoesPortiaview marriage??? 34) WhatunusualthingdidPortiadotoproveher“constancy”(herstrengthofcharacter)? 35) CaiusLigarusshowsup,obviouslysufferingfromanillness.Whataresomewaysheshowshow muchloyaltyandrespecthehasforBrutus? SCENE2: 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) WhydoesCalpurniawantCaesartostayathometoday? WritedownONEsignificantlinethatshowCaesar’sattitudeaboutdeath: Whatbadomendotheaugurers(fortunetellers)discover? WhatbaddreamdidCalpurniahave? HowdoesDeciusre-interpretthisdream? SCENE3: 41) WhatisthegistofArtemidorus’sletterandwhatdoesheplantodowithit? SCENE4: 42) WhydoesPortiasendLuciustotheCapitol? 43) WhatdoestheSoothsayerplantodo? V. CAESARACTIII SCENE1:ThedeathofCaesar 44) WhatreasondoesCaesargivefornotreadingArtemidorus’sletter? 45) MetellusCimberkneelsbeforeCaesartopleadinbehalfofhisbanishedbrother(exceptreallyhe justwantstogetcloseenoughtoCaesarsohecanstabhim).HowdoesCaesarreacttothis pleading? 46) WhatdotheconspiratorsdowithCaesar’sblood? 47) WhatdoesMarcAntony’sservantaskinMarcAntony’sbehalf? 48) WhatdoesMarcAntonysayaboutthepossibilityofbeingkilledbytheconspirators? 49) WhydoesMarcAntonygiveanapologytoCaesar(well,hisspirit/corpse,anyway)? 50) Onceassuredofhissafety,whatfavordoesMarcAntonyaskoftheconspirators? 51) WhatdoesCassiusthinkaboutgrantingAntony’sfavor? 52) WhattwoconditionsdoesBrutussetbeforehegrantsthefavorAntonyaskedofhim? 53) WhenMarcAntonyisalonewithCaesar’scorpse,summarizethegistofhisspeechoverthedead body: 54) WhoiscomingtoRometomeetwithMarcAntony? SCENE2:Caesar’sfuneral 55) BRUTUS’SFUNERALSPEECH(“Bepatienttillthelast…”) a. NameTWOwaysBrutustriestoestablishhisowncredibility b. NameTWOrhetoricalquestionsthatBrutususes: c. GiveONEexampleoftheuseofrepetitionfordramaticeffect. 56) WhatdoesthecrowdthinkaboutBrutusonceBrutushasfinishedspeaking? 57) Brutustellsthecrowdheisgoingtoleavebutasksthecrowstostayanddowhat? 58) ANTONY’SFUNERALSPEECH(“Friends,Romans,Countrymen…”) a) NametwowaysAntonyuseslogos(appealingtologicalreasoning)tomakeapoint: b) NametwowaysAntonyusespathos(appealingtoemotions)tocreateaneffect: 59) Howdoesthecrowdreacttothisspeech? 60) WhydoesAntonyinsistthathenotreadCaesar’swill? 61) ANTONY’SNEXTSPEECH(“Ifyouhavetears…”): a) HowdoesAntonyusevisualaidestomovetheaudienceatvarioustimesinthisspeech? b) SummarizewhatAntonytriestopersuadetheaudienceaboutconcerningBrutusandthestab woundmadebyBrutus. 62) 63) 64) 65) NameTWOexamplesofhowAntonyusesself-deprecation(puttinghimselfdown): Howdoesthecrowdreacttothisspeech? WhatdidCaesargivethepeopleofRomeinhiswill? TheservantofOctaviusreportswhataboutCassiusandBrutus? SCENE3:Whyoneshouldbegladone’snameisnotCinna 66) Brieflysummarizewhattakesplaceinthisshortscene: VI. CAESARACTIV SCENE1:Thethreemenwhowillbecomethe“SecondTriumvirate”ofRome(OctaviusCaesar,LepidusandMarc Antony)meettodecidewhotheyneedtokilloffandhowtheycanalterCaesar’swilltotheirbenefit. 67) MarcAntonycomparesLepidustobothanassandahorsetowhatpurpose?Whatpointishe tryingtomakewiththesecomparisons? SCENE2: 68) WhydoesBrutussuggestthatheandCassiusgointothetenttocontinuetheirargument? SCENE3: 69) CassiusbelievesBrutushaswrongedhimbecauseofwhatcircumstance? 70) BrutusaccusesCassiusofhaving“anitchingpalm”(beinggreedy)andmeddlingwithbribes.How doesCassiusreacttothisaccusation? 71) WhatdoesBrutusfurtheraccuseCassiusof(i.e.whatdoeshesayCassiushasdeniedhim?) 72) Cassiussayshehasbeen“hated,”“braved”(bullied)”and“checked”(scolded)byBrutus,soBrutus mayaswell_____________________.Cassiussayshegetshisbadtemperfromhis____________. 73) ArandompoetshowsuptotryandpersuadeBrutusandCassiustodowhat? 74) WhathappenedtoPortia?(Makesuretoconsultanymarginalnotesavailabletohelpyou understandwhathappenedtoher). 75) WhatreasonsdoesCassiusgiveforNOTmarchingtoPhilippi? 76) WhatreasondoesBrutusgiveasacounter-argument? 77) Laterinhistent,BrutusaskshisservantLuciustodowhat?Whydoesn’tLuciusfinishthistask? 78) WhatisthemessageofCaesar’sghost? 79) THOUGHTQUESTION:WhatdidyoupersonallythinkaboutBrutus’sreactiontotheghost? VII. CAESARACTV SCENE1:Thefourgeneralsoftheopposingarmies(Cassius/Brutusvs.Octavius/MarcAntony)meetto“parley” (talk). 1. Giveanexampleofaninsultthateachofthefollowingcharactersgivestohisenemy: a. Octaviusinsultingfillinwithaname: b. Antonyinsulting________: c. Brutusinsulting________: 80) 81) 82) 83) d. Cassiusinsulting_________: WhatissignificantaboutthisdayforCassius? CassiussaysthatheusedtobelieveinthephilosophyofEpicurus,whodidnotbelieveinomens thatpredictthefuture.Whatdidheseethatmadehimchangehismind? WhatdidCatodothatBrutusdoesnotapproveof? Evenso,Brutussays:“Thinknot,thounobleRoman,thateverBrutuswillgo________toRome. He_________toogreata________.” SCENE2: 84) HowdoesthebattleseemtobegoingforBrutusatthispoint? SCENE3:Atthispoint,Brutus’sarmyhasdefeatedMarcAntony’s…butinsteadofhelpingCassius,Brutus’s soldiershavestartedspoilingtheenemy.Inthemeantime,CassiusislosingtothearmiesofOctavius. 85) WhydidCassiuskillhisownflagbearer? 86) Cassiusseesthathistentsareonfire,sohesendsTitiniustoseeifthetroopsbyhistentsarefriend orfoe.Becausehecannotseewell,hesendshisservantPindarusupahilltoobservewhat happenstoTitinius.WhatdoesPindarusreportaboutTitinius? 87) HowdoesCassius’sdeath“help”PindarusandwhatdoesPindarusintendtodoonceCassiusis dead? 88) TitiniusreportsthatPindarusdidn’tcorrectlyperceivewhatwasgoingon.Whatreallyhappened whenTitiniusreachedthesoldiershewassenttogosee? 89) HowdoesTitiniusprovehisloyaltytoCassius? SCENE4: 90) LuciliuspretendstobeBrutusinordertosparehismasterandgetscaptured.WhatdoesLucilius tellAntonyaboutBrutus? 91) WhydoesAntonytreatLucilius(hisenemy)sowell? SCENE5: 92) Brutusasksfourmeniftheywillhelpkillhim;allrefuseexceptthelastman.Thefourmen’snames are: 93) THOUGHTQUESTION:Beforehedies,Brutussays,“Countrymen,Myheartdothjoythatyetinall mylife/Ifoundnomanbuthewastruetome.”WhatdoesthisrevealaboutBrutus’scharacter? 94) WhyareStratoandLuciliusproudofthewayBrutusdied? 95) Attheendoftheplay,MarcAntonygivesatributetoBrutus(hisenemy!)SummarizewhatMarc AntonythinksaboutBrutus: 96) WhatisgoingtohappentoBrutus’sbodythatnight? TheEnd!