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KEY TERMS: SEMESTER #3 THE KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS FROM THE LECTURES 18-27 LECTURE 17: "SCIENTISTS, ARTISTS, AND REVOLUTIONS" - science, art, and political revolution KEY TERMS: Descartes, Discourse on the Method, Academia dei Lincei, Academie Français, Royal Society, American Philosophical Society, Thomas More, Utopia, Francis Bacon, New Atlantis, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels, Academy of Lagado, deism, Enlightenment, philosophes, Encyclopaedists, Diderot, natural law, Rights of Man, Jacques Louis David, Napoleon FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: millenarianism, progress, Voltaire, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, social contract, "noble savage, Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, Marat, polyphonic, monophonic, sonata form, Mozart, Beethoven, Ode to Joy LECTURE 18: "THE MEASURE OF THE EARTH" - the voyages of discovery and the longitude problem KEY TERMS: Eratosthenes, Ptolemy, Mercator Projection, latitude, longitude, cross-staff, quadrant, astrolabe, sextent, lunar distances method, Jupiter's moons method, John Harrison, chronometer, Flamsteed, Astronomer Royal, Greenwich meridian, James Cook, William Bligh FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: transit of Venus, Roemer, LECTURE 19: "THE FAMILY OF THE SUN" the disc. of the solar system from Vulcan to Mars KEY TERMS: stellar parallax, Bessel, Foucault pendulum, Vulcan, Percival Lowell, canali, Clyde Tombaugh, Pluto, blink comparator, the “Pale Blue Dot” (Sagan) FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: Halley's comet, Öort Cloud, Dirty Iceberg theory, solar wind, radiation pressure, meteor LECTURE 20: "THE FAMILY OF THE SUN" the disc. of the solar system from Uranus to Pluto KEY TERMS: asteroid, Bode-Titus Law, Piazzi, William Herschel, John Herschel, Carolyn Herschel, Georgium Sidus, Uranus, pertubation, Adams, Leverrier, Neptune, Clyde Tombaugh, Pluto, blink comparator, the “Pale Blue Dot” (Sagan) FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: Halley's comet, Öort Cloud, Dirty Iceberg theory, solar wind, radiation pressure, meteor LECTURE 21: "THE COSMIC PINWHEEL" the discovery of our galaxy, from Herschel to Kapteyn KEY TERMS: proper motion, sun's way, nebula, grindstone universe, Messier Catalog, Immanual Kant, Laplace, Nebular Hypothesis, Kapteyn, Kapteyn Universe, selected areas FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: Kapteyn universe, selected areas LECTURE 22: "THE COSMIC PINWHEEL" the discovery of our galaxy, from Shapley to Baade KEY TERMS: Harlow Shapley, Henrietta Leavitt, Cepheid variable, RR Lyrae variable, light curve, pulsation theory, Period-Luminosity Relationship, globular cluster, open cluster, Milky Way, Milky Way Galaxy, Magellanic Clouds, light year, parsec, Öort's differential rotation, intersteller dust, ISM, Baade, Pop I, Pop II FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: Kapteyn universe, slected areas LECTURE 23: "HUBBLE'S UNIVERSE" – The great telescopes and the discovery of the galaxies KEY TERMS: Lick Observatory, George Ellery Hale, refracting telescope, reflecting telescope, 100" Hooker reflector, 200" Hale reflector, spectroscopy, astrophotography, light gathering power, magnification, focal length, objective, eyepiece, spiral nebulae, Great Nebula in Andromeda, M31, Magellanic Clouds, "island universe", spiral galaxy, zone of avoidance, Slipher, Doppler shift, red shift, galactic nebulae, extra-galactic nebulae LECTURE 24: " THE GREAT DEBATE AND THE SEARCH FOR THE YEAR 0" – superclusters and H0 KEY TERMS: Shapley-Curtis debate/the "Great Debate", Edwin Hubble, Hubble Relationship, expansion of universe, Big Bang, Pulsation Theory, H0, Goddard, Jansky, Penzias and Wilson, Magellan, Venera, Voyager, Viking, and Hubble, CCD LECTURE 25: "A JOURNEY TO OZ" - stellar evolution and the search for life in the universe KEY TERMS: Franhofer lines, continuous spectrum, emission spectrum, absorption spectrum, wavelength, Angstrom units, spectral class, apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude, H-R diagram, main sequence, giants, super-giants, white dwarfs, atom, isotope, nucleus, electron, proton, neutron, fission, fusion, nucleosynthesis, binary star, massluminosity relationship, open cluster globular cluster, planetary, neutron star, black hole, gravitational contraction, proto-star, ZAMS (zero age main sequence), turn-off point, helium flash, shell burning, 2nd generation star, galactic plane, galactic halo, Nebular Hypothesis, close encounter theory, Proto-planet Hypothesis, β Pictoris, 51 Pegasi, Geoff Marcy, Miller experiment, organic chemistry, zone of habtation, Project Ozma, SETI, Drake equation FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: 2nd generation star LECTURE 26: "EINSTEIN AND RELATIVITY" – 4 dimensions and the shape of space KEY TERMS: Olber's paradox, , gedankenexperiment, special relativity, length contraction, time dilation, twin paradox, equivalence principle, general relativity, advance of perihelion of Mercury, space-time, curved space, Bohr atom, Heisenberg, uncertainty principle, indeterminancy FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS: Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, Dali, Joyce, Entartete Kunst LECTURE 27: “MODERN MAN AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING” – universe, multiverse, noösphere KEY TERMS: cosmology, universe, galaxy, local group, supercluster, mega-parsec, cosmological principle, isotropic, anisotropic, quasar, expansion on universe, Hubble Law, Hubble constant, Big-bang Hypothesis, Pulsation Theory, Steady-State Theory, space-time curvature, open universe, closed universe, critical density(ρc), mini-universes, multiuniverses, heat death