Download 3. key terms

KEY TERMS: SEMESTER #3
THE KEY TERMS, NAMES, AND CONCEPTS FROM THE LECTURES 18-27
LECTURE 17:
"SCIENTISTS, ARTISTS, AND
REVOLUTIONS" - science, art, and political
revolution
KEY TERMS:
Descartes, Discourse on the Method, Academia dei
Lincei, Academie Français, Royal Society, American
Philosophical Society, Thomas More, Utopia,
Francis Bacon, New Atlantis, Jonathan Swift,
Gulliver's Travels, Academy of Lagado, deism,
Enlightenment, philosophes, Encyclopaedists,
Diderot, natural law, Rights of Man, Jacques Louis
David, Napoleon
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
millenarianism, progress, Voltaire, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau,
social contract, "noble savage, Adam Smith, Wealth of
Nations, Marat, polyphonic, monophonic, sonata form,
Mozart, Beethoven, Ode to Joy
LECTURE 18:
"THE MEASURE OF THE
EARTH" - the voyages of discovery and the
longitude problem
KEY TERMS:
Eratosthenes, Ptolemy, Mercator Projection,
latitude, longitude, cross-staff, quadrant,
astrolabe, sextent, lunar distances method,
Jupiter's moons method, John Harrison,
chronometer, Flamsteed, Astronomer Royal,
Greenwich meridian, James Cook, William Bligh
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
transit of Venus, Roemer,
LECTURE 19:
"THE FAMILY OF THE SUN" the disc. of the solar system from Vulcan to Mars
KEY TERMS:
stellar parallax, Bessel, Foucault pendulum,
Vulcan, Percival Lowell, canali, Clyde Tombaugh,
Pluto, blink comparator, the “Pale Blue Dot”
(Sagan)
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
Halley's comet, Öort Cloud, Dirty Iceberg theory, solar wind,
radiation pressure, meteor
LECTURE 20:
"THE FAMILY OF THE SUN" the disc. of the solar system from Uranus to Pluto
KEY TERMS:
asteroid, Bode-Titus Law, Piazzi, William Herschel,
John Herschel, Carolyn Herschel, Georgium Sidus,
Uranus, pertubation, Adams, Leverrier, Neptune,
Clyde Tombaugh, Pluto, blink comparator, the
“Pale Blue Dot” (Sagan)
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
Halley's comet, Öort Cloud, Dirty Iceberg theory, solar wind,
radiation pressure, meteor
LECTURE 21:
"THE COSMIC PINWHEEL" the discovery of our galaxy, from Herschel to
Kapteyn
KEY TERMS:
proper motion, sun's way, nebula, grindstone
universe, Messier Catalog, Immanual Kant,
Laplace, Nebular Hypothesis, Kapteyn, Kapteyn
Universe, selected areas
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
Kapteyn universe, selected areas
LECTURE 22:
"THE COSMIC PINWHEEL" the discovery of our galaxy, from Shapley to
Baade
KEY TERMS:
Harlow Shapley, Henrietta Leavitt, Cepheid
variable, RR Lyrae variable, light curve, pulsation
theory, Period-Luminosity Relationship, globular
cluster, open cluster, Milky Way, Milky Way
Galaxy, Magellanic Clouds, light year, parsec,
Öort's differential rotation, intersteller dust, ISM,
Baade, Pop I, Pop II
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
Kapteyn universe, slected areas
LECTURE 23:
"HUBBLE'S UNIVERSE" – The
great telescopes and the discovery of the galaxies
KEY TERMS:
Lick Observatory, George Ellery Hale, refracting
telescope, reflecting telescope, 100" Hooker
reflector, 200" Hale reflector, spectroscopy,
astrophotography, light gathering power,
magnification, focal length, objective, eyepiece,
spiral nebulae, Great Nebula in Andromeda, M31,
Magellanic Clouds, "island universe", spiral galaxy,
zone of avoidance, Slipher, Doppler shift, red shift,
galactic nebulae, extra-galactic nebulae
LECTURE 24:
" THE GREAT DEBATE AND
THE SEARCH FOR THE YEAR 0" – superclusters
and H0
KEY TERMS:
Shapley-Curtis debate/the "Great Debate", Edwin
Hubble, Hubble Relationship, expansion of
universe, Big Bang, Pulsation Theory, H0, Goddard,
Jansky, Penzias and Wilson, Magellan, Venera,
Voyager, Viking, and Hubble, CCD
LECTURE 25:
"A JOURNEY TO OZ" - stellar
evolution and the search for life in the universe
KEY TERMS:
Franhofer lines, continuous spectrum, emission
spectrum, absorption spectrum, wavelength,
Angstrom units, spectral class, apparent
magnitude, absolute magnitude, H-R diagram,
main sequence, giants, super-giants, white dwarfs,
atom, isotope, nucleus, electron, proton, neutron,
fission, fusion, nucleosynthesis, binary star, massluminosity relationship, open cluster globular
cluster, planetary, neutron star, black hole,
gravitational contraction, proto-star, ZAMS (zero
age main sequence), turn-off point, helium flash,
shell burning, 2nd generation star, galactic plane,
galactic halo, Nebular Hypothesis, close encounter
theory, Proto-planet Hypothesis, β Pictoris, 51
Pegasi, Geoff Marcy, Miller experiment, organic
chemistry, zone of habtation, Project Ozma, SETI,
Drake equation
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
2nd generation star
LECTURE 26:
"EINSTEIN AND RELATIVITY" –
4 dimensions and the shape of space
KEY TERMS:
Olber's paradox, , gedankenexperiment, special
relativity, length contraction, time dilation, twin
paradox, equivalence principle, general relativity,
advance of perihelion of Mercury, space-time,
curved space, Bohr atom, Heisenberg, uncertainty
principle, indeterminancy
FURTHER STUDIES KEY TERMS:
Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz-Fitzgerald
contraction, Dali, Joyce, Entartete Kunst
LECTURE 27:
“MODERN MAN AND THE
SEARCH FOR MEANING” – universe, multiverse,
noösphere
KEY TERMS:
cosmology, universe, galaxy, local group, supercluster, mega-parsec, cosmological principle,
isotropic, anisotropic, quasar, expansion on
universe, Hubble Law, Hubble constant, Big-bang
Hypothesis, Pulsation Theory, Steady-State Theory,
space-time curvature, open universe, closed
universe, critical density(ρc), mini-universes, multiuniverses, heat death