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by Dr. Richard Lippman formerly with Departments of Histology and Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Currently affiliated with Profound Nutrition Ltd., UK Top audiographs show hearing loss due to aging. Bottom audiographs: When volunteers sprayed 125 mcg aldosterone into each ear canal, hearing improved by about 33% after 2 hours due to good bioavailability in the cochlea. 15,000 hair cells are divided into 5 rows in the cochlea In mice, a wide range of substances are known to increased blood flow in the cochlea. Note the untreated CBS arteries in center versus the treated CBS + FA arteries on the far right. reference: Kuni, S. et. al., Feb. 2012, Hearing Research, 284(1-2), pp. 42-51. Top audiographs show hearing loss due to aging. Bottom audiographs: When volunteers sprayed 125 mcg aldosterone into each ear canal, hearing improved by about 33% after 2 hours due to good bioavailability. Low aldosterone may be seen as a biomarker of aging and cause of some types of hearing loss. Hearing improves by spraying or injecting IGF-1, dexamethasone, or aldosterone. Natural aldosterone improves hearing by up to 30 decibels Top audiographs show hearing loss due to aging. Bottom audiographs: When volunteers sprayed 125 mcg aldosterone into each ear canal, hearing improved by about 33% after 2 hours due to good bioavailability. Vasopressin & oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones made in the supra-optic and paraventricularnucleus cells In the Lancet, 1979, Gold et. al. found that vasopressin improves processing of information. In a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial, three-fourths of patients showed “highly significant and consistent improvements in tests designed to measure the formation, encoding, and organization of long-term trace events in memory.” In 1997, Perras et. al. used 40 IU vasopressin in 26 healthy elderly men for 3 months. They found that vasopressin improves sematic encoding after long-term use. At age 54, actor Sean Penn has vasopressin deficiency signs of crow’s feet, sunken eyes, blank stare, and double eyelid fold The End In 1982 and 1983, Laczi et. al. found that diabetic patients injected or treated intranasally with vasopressin showed normalization of their deficits in short- and long-term memory. In 1984, Nebes et. al. conducted a double-blind crossover study and subjects showed improved longterm retrieval time but did not benefit in short-term memory due to the extreme and un-physiologic daily dose of 60 mg vasopressin In 1985, researchers Till and Beckwith concluded that a vasopressin analog “improved immediate memory for low-verbal subjects, but delayed memory for high-verbal subjects.” In 1987, Hamburger-Bar et. al. discovered that childhood learning disorders may benefit from repeated doses of vasopressin In 1987, Millar et. al. found that in healthy male volunteers, “vasopressin benefited initial processes of consolidation and learning.” In 1998, Van Londen et. al. confirmed that the neuropeptide vasopressin “enhances memory, directly or indirectly, through arousal and attention.” In 1999, Perras et. al. give 26 healthy elderly subjects 20 IU vasopressin intranasally for 3 months. Results showed that vasopressin increased total sleep time by an average of 45 minutes, slowwave sleep time by 21 minutes, and REM sleep time by 10 minutes. In 2002, Neveus et. al. found that ten children responded positively to desmopressin (synthetic vasopressin), and they gained more REM during sleep. In 2003, Perras et. al. found in 26 elderly men that arginine vasopressin (bioidentical) promoted only improved slow- wave sleep and the neuroendocrine pattern of sleep. In 2003, Lose et. al. found in 144 female patients that desmopressin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for nocturia.