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World War Two
7 Future American Presidents
Views of the World Were Formed
by Their Service in World War II
- Stalingrad ’42*
- North Africa ’42
- Italy Campaign ‘43
- Normandy 6/44
What was the
purpose of the
Second Front?
What effect did
these events have
on the origins of the
Cold War?
D-Day
"As our boat touched sand and
the ramp went down I became a
visitor to hell."
Pvt. Charles Neighbor, 29th Division, Omaha Beach
(D-Day, 6 June 1944)
"Soldiers, sailors and airmen of
the allied expeditionary force: You
are about to embark upon the
great crusade, toward which we
have striven these many months.
The eyes of the world are upon
you. The hope and prayers of
liberty-loving people everywhere
are with you …"
General Dwight D. Eisenhower (D-Day, 6 June 1944)
"Two kinds of people are staying
on this beach, the dead and those
who are going to die. Now let's get
the hell out of here."
Colonel George Taylor, 16th Regimental Commander
on Omaha Beach (D-Day, 6 June 1944)
June 1944
101st Airborne
Band of Brothers
“Wild Bill” Guarnere
“Wild Bill”
Liberation of Paris
Battle of the Bulge
•
“Nuts!”
General Anthony Clement "Nuts" McAuliffe (July 2, 1898 – August 11,
1975) was the United States Army general who was the acting division
commander of the 101st Airborne Division troops defending Bastogne,
Belgium during World War II’s Battle of the Bulge. He is famous for his
single-word reply of "Nuts!" in response to a German surrender ultimatum
Victory in Europe
War in Pacific
Pacific Campaign
What was the
game plan?
Alternate
Options?
What effect did
the Pacific
Campaign have
on the US?
How did the
Chinese view
the plan?
Significance of
-Guam and
Mariana Islands
-Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
Islands
• Blue is
Allied
Advance
Pacific
Campaign
Pearl Harbor- Dec. 7, 1941
Japan Takes Islands:
Macarthur (4/42) “I shall Return”
Battle of the Coral Sea- May, 1942
(1st All carrier/ aircraft battle)
Midway- June, 1942
(Turning Point of the Pacific)
Island Hopping 8/43-11/44
Nimitz victories- Marshall, Wake- 1944
Philippines (Leyte Gulf) retaken 1944-45
Iwo Jima 3/45 and Okinawa 6/45
Invasion of Japan/ Unconditional Surrender/
“Secret Weapon”- destruction
Hiroshima 8/6/1945
- Nagasaki
8/9/1945
WWII Assessment
• What if Japan had not bombed Pearl
Harbor?
• Who was the more fearsome or difficult
Allied opponent – Germany or Japan?
• Should the US of pursued Japan or
Germany first? Explain.
• If you were in the war, where would you
rather have been?
Why were the Allies so much more
successful than the Axis Powers?
• Home front Production
• Collaboration
• Technological Advancement (Atomic Bomb)
What was
the
significance
of each?
Atlantic Charter
Casablanca
Big Three Conferences
Tehran
Yalta
Potsdam
April 12, 1945
• Death of FDR
• The first lady greeted Vice President Harry
Truman, who had not yet been told the
news. A calm and quiet Eleanor said,
"Harry, the president is dead." He asked if
there was anything he could do for her, to
which she replied, "Is there anything we
can do for you? For you are the one in
trouble now."
A-Bomb
- Manhattan Project
- Hiroshima 8/6/1945
- Nagasaki 8/9/1945
Manhattan Project
• The special target committee for the MANHATTAN project
started meeting in April 1945
– They selected the cities that they would be targeting,
including Hiroshima.
• The two primary leaders of the Manhattan Project were
General Leslie Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
• Other scientists involved included: Enrico Fermi, Albert
Einstein, and Neils Bohr.
• The construction site was in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
• The Manhattan Project employed over 120,000 Americans.
But the people were not told exactly what they were doing so
they could not ruin the project.
J. Robert Oppenheimer
“We knew the world would not be the same. A few
people laughed, a few people cried. Most people
were silent. I remembered the line from the
Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita; Vishnu is
trying to persuade the Prince that he should do
his duty and, to impress him, takes on his multiarmed form and says, 'Now I am become Death,
the destroyer of worlds.' I suppose we all
thought that, one way or another”
August 1945
The foreground shows the ruins of the Hiroshima Gas Company
Building (800 feet from the hypocenter). In the center are the ruins of the
Honkawa Elementary School. Source: United States Army - Returned
Materials. www.atomicarchive.com/ Photos/Images/Hiroshima.jpg
Public Opinion
• In a 1945 Fortune magazine article, only 5% of the
people polled said that the United States should not
have dropped the bomb.
• 54% approved of the bomb.
• 23% wanted the United States to drop more
bombs on Japan before their surrender.
• A specter is haunting this country--the specter of nuclear
energy. As a scientist who worked on the atomic bomb, I am
appalled that the public is so apathetic and so uninformed
about the dangerous social consequences of our
development. There is no secret of the atomic bomb. In my
opinion, in two to five years other countries can also
manufacture bombs, and bombs tens, hundreds, or even
thousands of times more effective than those which produced
such devastation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This country with
its concentrated industrial centers is entirely vulnerable to
such weapons; nor can we count on, or even expect, effective
counter-measures. Unless strong action is taken within the
near future toward a positive control, this country will be drawn
into an armament race which will inevitably end in catastrophe
for all participants. . . . It is the responsibility of the press to
stimulate public discussion on this vital matter and to educate
the people as rapidly as possible. Where security permits, my
colleagues are eager to help with scientific information. It was
our hope in developing the bomb that it would be a great force
for world cooperation and peace.
•
-Robert R. Wilson, Los Alamos, New Mexico
VJ Day
Effects of WWII
• US
Emerges
as World
Power
• End of US
Isolation
• Beginning
of Cold War
• UN created
“Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill
• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended
across the continent. Behind that line lie all
the capitals of the ancient states of Central
and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin,
Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,
Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous
cities and the populations around them lie
in what I must call the Soviet sphere.”
Nuremberg Trials
Creation of United Nations