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Geography
0 Indonesia in the largest Islamic country by
population.
0 India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran,
Turkey, and Algeria are among the top ten countries
with largest Muslim population.
0 A large number of Muslims lives in the Middle East
and former republics of the Soviet Union.
0 About 20% of Muslims are Arab.
What is Islam?
0 One of the three major world religions (Judaism and
Christianity) that profess monotheism (the belief in a
single God).
0 Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world.
0 In Arabic, Islam means “surrender” or “submission” –
submission to the will of God. The word Islam is
derived from the Arabic word for “peace” (salam.)
0 In Arabic, Muslim means “one who surrenders to
God.”
What is Islam?
0 In Arabic, “Allah” refers to God worshiped by Muslims,
Jews, and Christians.
0 There is only one all-powerful, all-knowing God, and
this God created the universe.
0 All Muslims are equal before God (class, race, ethnic
background, nationality, etc...)
0 Children born to Muslims parents are automatically
considered Muslims (no ritual.)
What is Islam?
0 Mohammad is the last prophet.
0 Muslims believe in all the prophets that God had sent
before Mohammad.
0 The five prophets that are considered as leaders of all
prophets are: Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and
Mohammad.
0 Once mentioned, Peace Upon Him, follows any
prophet’s name.
Qur’an
0 Recitation: Literal meaning .
0 Revelation to Mohammad in Arabic.
0 114 chapters known as “sourat.”
0 Two chapters are devoted to the Virgin Mary: Sourat
Mariam and Sourat Al Oumran.
Prophet Mohammad
0 Practiced mediation in
Cave Hira’a.
0 Angel Gabriel began
communicating with
him in 610 (nearly age of
40) and commended
him to read the
following verses:
Prophet Mohammad
0 Proclaim! (or read!) in the name of thy Lord and
Cherisher, Who created man, out of a (mere) clot of
congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord is Most
Bountiful, He Who taught (the use of) the pen, Taught
man that which he knew not.
Prophet Mohammad
0 Muhammad returned home and was consoled
and reassured by his wife, Khadijah, and her
cousin the priest Waraka Ibin Nawfal.
0 Muhammad's wife Khadija was the first to
believe he was a prophet.
0 She was soon followed by Muhammad's cousin
Ali Ibin Abi Talib (Imam Ali) and close friend Abu
Baker.
Prophet Mohammad
0 At the age of 25, Muhammad married Khadija. The
marriage lasted for 25 years and was a happy one.
Muhammad relied upon Khadija in many ways and
did not enter into marriage with another woman
during this marriage.
0 After migration to Medina, Muhammad who was over
fifty years at this time, married several women. These
marriages were contracted mostly for political or
humanitarian reasons.
Prophet Mohammad
0 These later wives were either widows of Muslims who
had been killed in the battles and had been left
without a protector or belonged to important families
or clans whom it was necessary to honor and
strengthen alliances.
Prophet Mohammad
0 Muhammad did his own household chores, helped out
with the housework, such as preparing food, sewing
clothes, and repairing shoes. Muhammad is also said
to have accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened
to their advice, and the wives debated and even
argued with him.
Basic information of Islam
0 Muslims must live according to the rules of the Holy
Qur’an (Ten Commandments for Jews and Christians.)
0 No pictures of divine people are permitted.
0 Islamic months are 28 or 29 days (lunar calendar.)
Islamic Calendar
0 1- Muharram
0 7- Rajab
0 2- Safar
0 8- Sha’ban
0 3- Rabi’ I
0 9- Ramadan
0 4- Rabi’ II
0 10- Shawwal
0 5- Jumada I
0 11- Dhul-Qi’dah
0 6- Jumada II
0 12- Dhul- Hijjah
Muslims
0 Should eat “halal” (kosher) meat.
0 Should not eat pork.
0 Should not drink alcohol.
0 Should not gamble.
0 Should give to the poor and less fortunate.
0 Must be kind to strangers.
Muslims
0 They have five duties called “Five Pillars of Faith.”
0 Shahada (testimony of faith.)
0 Salat (prayer.)
0 Zakat (charity.)
0 Hajj (pilgrimage.)
0 Siyam (fasting.)
Shahada (testimony of faith)
0 This is the belief in one God and in Muhammad as
God’s last messenger.
0 In order to convert to Islam, one must believe in and
recite the shahada with complete conviction: "There is
no God but God, and Muhammad is his messenger."
Salat (prayer)
0 Muslims pray five times daily: at dawn, noon, mid-
afternoon, sunset and at nightfall. Muslims may pray
anywhere: inside or outside, in their office, home,
school, mosque or elsewhere. While praying, one faces
Mecca and strives to recite his or her prayers from
memory.
0 Al-woudou’ (purification process with water) should
precede every prayer service.
Salat (prayer)
0 A mosque (masjid in Arabic) is a place for worship in
Islam.
0 Muslims can pray in mosques or privately.
0 Mosques vary in design depending on the culture and
resources of each community.
Zakat (charity)
0 Charitable giving, or Zakat, is a requirement of faith
for all Muslims. Used to benefit the poor, Zakat
represents a fixed portion of one's wealth.
0 Beyond this requirement, one may also perform an act
of charity (sadaqah) by donating additional funds to
the needy.
Hajj (pilgrimage)
0 the last month of the Islamic calendar, Dhu al-Hijjah.
0 About three million Muslims.
0 Required if physical health and finances permit.
0 At least once in a lifetime.
Siyam (fasting)
0 Siyam refers to ritual fasting during the month of
Ramadan. From dawn to dusk for the entire month,
Muslims must refrain from eating and drinking.
Ramadan is:
0 Ninth month of the Muslim calendar.
0 The month when the holy Quran “was sent down from
heaven.”
0 A time when Muslims fast.
0 A time when Muslims concentrate on their faith.
0 A time of worship and contemplation.
0 A time of inner reflection, devotion to God and selfcontrol.
0 A time to become closer to God.
What is fasting?
0 Starts at the breaking of dawn.
0 Ends at the setting of the sun.
0 In between: Muslims are totally abstain from food,
drink and smoking.
0 The most widely-practiced of all the Muslims forms of
worship.
offenses
0 Destroy the good acquired through the fast.
0 Prohibited at all times but are most. offensive
during the fast of Ramadan:
0 Telling of a lie.
0 Slander.
0 Denouncing someone behind his back.
0 False oath.
0 Greed.
Eid Al-Fitr
0 The Feast Of Fast Breaking.
0 End of the fast.
0 First day of the month Shawwal.
0 Fasting on this day is a sin.
0 Celebrated by two billion Muslims around the world.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 Sunni and Shi’ah are the two major denominations of
Islam.
0 Shi’ahs make up the majority of the population in Iran,
Iraq, Azerbaijan and Bahrain, and they are the largest
religious group in Lebanon. About 15% of Muslims.
0 Sunnis are a majority in other Muslim communities in
South East Asia, China, South Asia, Africa and the rest
of the Arab world.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 The historic background of the Sunni-Shi’ah split
occurred when the Prophet Mohammad died, leading
to a dispute over his succession as a caliph of the
Islamic community.
0 Sunnis hold that Abu Bakr was Muhammad's rightful
successor.
0 Shi’ahs believe that Muhammad divinely ordained his
cousin and son-in-law Ali (the father of his only two
grandsons Hassan and Hussein) to be Muhammad's
successor.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 Sunnis follow the Khlafa’a Arrashidun "rightly-guided
Caliphs", who were the first four caliphs ruling after
the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman
and Ali.
0 Shi’ahs discount the legitimacy of the first three
caliphs and believe that Ali is the second-most
divinely inspired man (after Muhammad) and that
him and his descendants by Muhammad's daughter
Fatimah (called the Imams) are the sole legitimate
Islamic leaders.
* Ijtehad
* Sunnat Arrasul
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 Over the years Sunni-Shi’ah relations have been
marked by both cooperation and conflict.
0 Today this conflict is more political than religious.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram
(October 9 or 10, 680 CE)in Karbala, in present day
Iraq. On one side were supporters and relatives of
Muhammad's grandson, Hussein; on the other side
was a military detachment from the forces of Yazid,
the Umayyad Caliph.
0 The Battle of Karbala emphasized the split
between the two groups.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 The battle resulted in the military defeat of Hussein’s
group, the death of almost all of his men, and the
captivity of all women and children.
0 The Karbala battle is commemorated during an
annual ten-day period held every Muharram by
Shi’ahs, culminating on its tenth day, Ashura.
Sunni and Shi’ah
0 Imam Hussein, as called by shi’ahs, was brutally killed
in this battle with his son Kassem.
0 Every Ashura, shi’ahs lament the death of Imam
Hussein.
Islam, Judaism and Christianity
0 Judaism, Christianity and Islam are known as Abrahamic
religions because of their common origin through
Abraham.
0 Muslims consider Ishmael, the first-born son of Abraham,
to be the "Father of the Arabs" and the ancestor of the
Islamic Prophet, Mohammad.
0 Abraham's second son, Isaac, is called "Father of the
Hebrews."
0 Muslims commonly refer to Christians and Jews as “People
of the Book" , people who follow the same general
teachings in relation to the worship of the One God as
known by Abraham.
Islam, Judaism and Christianity
0 Muslims, Jews and Christians worship the same God.
0 Islam considers the Bible (Old and New Testament)
and the Qur'an as holy books.
0 Qur’an: "Surely those who believe, and those who are
Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians- whoever
believes in God and the Last Day and does good, they
shall have their reward from their Lord. And there will
be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve."
Islam, Judaism and Christianity
0 The Qur'an says the following about the prescribed
behavior towards Christians and Jews (Qur'an 29:46):
0 "Be courteous when you argue with the People of The
Book (Jews and Christians), except with those among
them who do evil… Say: We believe in that which is
revealed to us and which was revealed to you. Our God
and your God is one. To Him we surrender ourselves."
Islam and Christianity
0 Islam believes in Jesus.
0 Marie is one of the three most blessed women in
Islam (all along with Khadija and Fatima.)
0 Qur’an: "Behold! the angels said, 'Oh Mary! God gives
you glad tidings of a Word from Him. His name will be
Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world
and the Hereafter, and in (the company of) those
nearest to God. He shall speak to the people in
childhood and in maturity. He shall be (in the company)
of the righteous... And God will teach him the Book and
Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel."
Islam and Christianity
0 Muslims are waiting for Jesus to come back and are
expected to pray behind him.
0 According to Muslims, Jesus was a human prophet who
brought to mankind a closer relationship with God and
each other.
0 According to Muslims, Jesus is not the son of God and he
does not have a human father.
0 Muslims believe that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary.
Muslims believe the creation of Jesus was like the creation
of Adam, they were both created by God without human
fathers, but neither are seen as being the "sons of God" in
the literal sense.
Islam and Christianity
0 Islamic texts forbid the association of partners with
God (sharik,) emphasizing the notion of God's divine
oneness (tawhīd.)
0 There are verses that highlight the commonalities
between Christians and Muslims, and other verses
that warn Christians against sliding towards
polytheism in their worship of Jesus Christ.
Islam and Christianity
0 Muslims believe that Jesus was condemned to crucifixion and
then miraculously saved:
0 Quran, Chapter 4
157: That they said in boast, "We killed Jesus the son of
Mary, the Messenger of Allah"; but they killed him not, nor
crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and
those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no certain
knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they
killed him not:
158: Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is
Exalted in Power, Wise.
Islam and Christianity
0 Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles, all by
the permission of God.
0 Jesus was raised alive up to heaven.
0 Muslims believe that Jesus will return at a time close
to the end of the world. One Qur'anic verse alludes to
Jesus' future return as follows:
0 “And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour
(of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour),
but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way.”
0 Jesus had been divinely chosen to spread God's
message.
Woman in Islam
0 Right to marriage contract, dowry and divorce.
0 Right to obtain education.
0 Rights to earn own income and keep own money.
0 Right to own property.
0 Right to maintain maiden name.
0 Rights abused culturally.
Dress Code in Islam
0 Men and women: modest clothes.
0 Men: covered from navel to knee.
0 Women:
1. Head scarf = worn by women before Islam.
2. Head scarf = religious practice.
3. Head scarf = debate if it is a duty.
Challenges
0 Women in Islam.
0 Jihad: struggle to strive to be a better person.
0 Shari’a : comprehensive values and guidelines (daily
prayer, fasting, charity, funeral rituals, marriage rituals
and more.)
0 Change: difficult / mixing culture, politics and religion.
0 Islam and fundamentalism: no separation of religion
and state.