Download Tissue: The Living Fabric Use notes and Ch. 4 from textbook in class

Tissue: The Living Fabric
Use notes and Ch. 4 from textbook in class to
complete and use as a study guide
A. simple columnar epithelium
B. simple cuboidal epithelium
C. simple squamous epithelium
D. stratified columnar epithelium
E. stratified cuboidal epithelium
F. stratified squamous epithelium
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
10.
8.
11.
9.
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
simple columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
stratified columnar epithelium
stratified cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
A. cardiac muscle
B. skeletal muscle
C. smooth muscle
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14.
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A. cardiac muscle
B. skeletal muscle
C. smooth muscle
Four classes of connective tissue
A. Connective tissue proper
B. Cartilage
C. Bone tissue
D. Blood
___________________________
E. Nervous Tissue
A. cardiac muscle
B. skeletal muscle
C. smooth muscle
Function: As it contracts, it
propels blood into the
circulation; involuntary control.
Location: The walls of the
heart.
22.
25.
Location: In skeletal muscles
attached to bones or
occasionally to skin.
23.
19.
Function: Voluntary movement;
locomotion; manipulation of the
environment; facial expression;
voluntary control.
Location: Mostly in the walls
of hollow organs.
26.
24.
20.
Function: Propels substances
or objects (foodstuffs, urine,
a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
21.
27.
Connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue
A. areolar
B. adipose
dense connective tissue
C. regular
D. irregular
28.
30.
29.
31.
Connective tissue proper
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
loose connective tissue
A. areolar
B. adipose
C. reticular
37.
37.
38.
39.
40.
dense connective tissue
D. regular
E. irregular
F. elastic
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42.
43.
44.
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46.
47.
48.
49.
Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
Around kidneys and eyeballs
Attaches bones to bones;
Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles;
Dermis of the skin
Insulates against heat loss
Its macrophages phagocytize bacteria
Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
Plays important role in inflammation
Primarily parallel collagen fibers
Provides reserve food fuel
Supports and protects organs
Tendons, most ligaments
Under skin in the hypodermis;
Walls of large arteries
Widely distributed under epithelia of body
Within abdomen and in breasts
Withstands great tensile stress when applied in one direction
Wraps and cushions organs
Cartilage Tissue
A. Hyaline
B. Elastic
C. Fibro
Connective tissue proper
53.
56.
50.
loose connective tissue
D. areolar
E. adipose
F. reticular
dense connective tissue
G. regular
H. irregular
I. elastic
54.
57.
55
58.
51.
52.
Skeletal Cartilages
1. Hyaline
cartilages
59.
•
•
Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
Most abundant type
60.
2. Elastic
cartilages
•
Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers
3. 61.
Fibrocartilages
•
Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength
A.Elastic
B.Fibro
C.Hyaline
Cartilage in
external ear
Cartilage in
Intervertebral
disc
Cartilages in
nose
Articular
Cartilage
of a joint
Costal
cartilage
D. Appendicular
E. Axial
Pubic
symphysis
Meniscus
(padlike
cartilage in
knee joint)
Articular cartilage
of a joint
?62.
?63.
A. Elastic
B. Fibro
C. Hyaline
?64.
?65.
?66.
Figure 6.1
The following slides are notes that could
be used as a study guide and help filling
in answers to previous slides.
Figure 4.8a Connective tissues.
(a) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
Description: Gel-like matrix with all
three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,
macrophages, mast cells, and some
white blood cells.
Elastic
fibers
Function: Wraps and cushions
organs; its macrophages phagocytize
bacteria; plays important role in
inflammation; holds and conveys
tissue fluid.
Collagen
fibers
Location: Widely distributed under
epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina
propria of mucous membranes;
packages organs; surrounds
capillaries.
Fibroblast
nuclei
Epithelium
Lamina
propria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, a
soft packaging tissue of the body (300x).
Figure 4.8b Connective tissues.
(b) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Description: Matrix as in areolar,
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes, or fat cells, have
nucleus pushed to the side by large
fat droplet.
Function: Provides reserve food
fuel; insulates against heat loss;
supports and protects organs.
Nucleus of
fat cell
Location: Under skin in the
hypodermis; around kidneys and
eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.
Vacuole
containing
fat droplet
Adipose
tissue
Mammary
glands
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from the
subcutaneous layer under the skin (350x).
Figure 4.8c Connective tissues.
(c) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Description: Network of reticular
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network.
Function: Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages.
White blood
cell
(lymphocyte)
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph
nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
Reticular
fibers
Spleen
Photomicrograph: Dark-staining network of reticular
connective tissue fibers forming the internal skeleton
of the spleen (350x).
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.8d Connective tissues.
(d) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Description: Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Collagen
fibers
Function: Attaches muscles to
bones or to muscles; attaches bones
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
in one direction.
Location: Tendons, most
ligaments, aponeuroses.
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Shoulder
joint
Ligament
Photomicrograph: Dense regular connective
tissue from a tendon (500x).
Tendon
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.8e Connective tissues.
(e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Description: Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Function: Able to withstand
tension exerted in many
directions; provides structural
strength.
Location: Fibrous capsules of
organs and of joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of
digestive tract.
Fibrous
joint
capsule
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Collagen
fibers
Photomicrograph: Dense irregular
connective tissue from the dermis of the
skin (400x).
Figure 4.8f Connective tissues.
(f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic
Description: Dense regular
connective tissue containing a high
proportion of elastic fibers.
Function: Allows recoil of tissue
following stretching; maintains
pulsatile flow of blood through
arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs
following inspiration.
Elastic fibers
Location: Walls of large arteries;
within certain ligaments associated
with the vertebral column; within the
walls of the bronchial tubes.
Aorta
Heart
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in
the wall of the aorta (250x).
Figure 4.8g Connective tissues.
(g) Cartilage: hyaline
Description: Amorphous but firm
matrix; collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network; chondroblasts
produce the matrix and when mature
(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.
Function: Supports and reinforces;
has resilient cushioning properties;
resists compressive stress.
Location: Forms most of the
embryonic skeleton; covers the ends
of long bones in joint cavities; forms
costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynx.
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Matrix
Costal
cartilages
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from the
trachea (750x).
Figure 4.8h Connective tissues.
(h) Cartilage: elastic
Description: Similar to hyaline
cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix.
Function: Maintains the shape
of a structure while allowing
great flexibility.
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Location: Supports the external
ear (pinna); epiglottis.
Matrix
Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage from
the human ear pinna; forms the flexible
skeleton of the ear (800x).
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.8i Connective tissues.
(i) Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Description: Matrix similar to
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.
Function: Tensile strength
with the ability to absorb
compressive shock.
Location: Intervertebral discs;
pubic symphysis; discs of knee
joint.
Chondrocytes
in lacunae
Intervertebral
discs
Collagen
fiber
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of an
intervertebral disc (125x). Special staining
produced the blue color seen.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.8j Connective tissues.
(j) Others: bone (osseous tissue)
Description: Hard, calcified
matrix containing many collagen
fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.
Very well vascularized.
Central
canal
Function: Bone supports and
protects (by enclosing);
provides levers for the muscles
to act on; stores calcium and
other minerals and fat; marrow
inside bones is the site for blood
cell formation (hematopoiesis).
Lacunae
Lamella
Location: Bones
Photomicrograph: Cross-sectional view
of bone (125x).
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.8k Connective tissues.
(k) Others: blood
Description: Red and white
blood cells in a fluid matrix
(plasma).
Plasma
Function: Transport of
respiratory gases, nutrients,
wastes, and other substances.
Location: Contained within
blood vessels.
Neutrophil
Red blood
cells
Lymphocyte
Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1860x); two
white blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocyte
in lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.
Nervous tissue
Description: Neurons are
branching cells; cell processes
that may be quite long extend from
the nucleus-containing cell body;
also contributing to nervous tissue
are nonirritable supporting cells
(not illustrated).
Neuron processes
Axon
Nuclei of
supporting
cells
Cell body
Dendrites
Cell body
of a neuron
Function: Transmit electrical
signals from sensory receptors
and to effectors (muscles and
glands) which control their activity.
Neuron
processes
Location: Brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.
Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.
(a) Skeletal muscle
Description: Long, cylindrical,
multinucleate cells; obvious
striations.
Striations
Function: Voluntary movement;
locomotion; manipulation of the
environment; facial expression;
voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal muscles
attached to bones or
occasionally to skin.
Nuclei
Part of
muscle
fiber (cell)
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).
Notice the obvious banding pattern and the
fact that these large cells are multinucleate.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.
(b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Branching,
striated, generally uninucleate
cells that interdigitate at
specialized junctions
(intercalated discs).
Striations
Intercalated
discs
Function: As it contracts, it
propels blood into the
circulation; involuntary control.
Location: The walls of the
heart.
Nucleus
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);
notice the striations, branching of cells, and
the intercalated discs.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.
(c) Smooth muscle
Description: Spindle-shaped
cells with central nuclei; no
striations; cells arranged
closely to form sheets.
Function: Propels substances
or objects (foodstuffs, urine,
a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the walls
of hollow organs.
Smooth
muscle
cell
Nuclei
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.