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Environmentalchangesasseenfromamolecularperspective: Usingelectronsspectroscopytoinvestigateenvironmentally relevantaqueoussolutions ArnaldoNavesdeBrito Dept.ofAppliedPhysics,InstituteofPhysics“GlebWataghin”, UniversityofCampinas,CEP:13083-859Campinas-SP,Brazil Themolecularsurfaceofaqueoussolutionsmayshowsurprisinglydifferent propertiescomparetoitsbulk[1].Farfrombeingonlyascientificallypeculiarfact, importantphenomenathataffectenvironmentalchangesonaglobalscaleare linkedtothemolecularcompositionatthisregion[2].Indeedtheuptakeofgas phasemoleculesbyliquidsisasurfacephenomenonandthemoleculespresent atthatregionultimatelywilldrivetheadsorptionrate.Forexampletheup-take ofcarbondioxidebyseawaterwilldependonwhatprotonatedspeciesareatthe Figure1 MarinelifeandoceanpHchanges. surface.AswemayseeonFig.1,smallchangesintheoceanspH,dueto adsorptionofCO2,maydrasticallyaffectmarinelifepopulation.Modelingfuture chancesmorepreciselyarekeytoamelioratetheproblem,whichcritically dependsonourknowledgeabouttheprocessesinvolved.Aerosols,presentalso attheupperatmosphere,areamajorunknowninclimatemodels[3].These particlesaretypicallyamixtureofbothorganicandinorganicmolecules.Dueto theirreducedsize,itisunlikelythatusingtheaveragebulkcompositionwillbe sufficienttodescribeitsclimaterelevantproperties.WeplantoshowhowXPS, whichissurfacesensitiveandelementspecific,canhelpimprovingthepresent knowledgeinthearea. [1]A.M.daSilva,A.Mocellin,S.Monti,C.Li,R.R.T.Marinho,A.Medina,H.Agren, V.Carravetta,A.N.deBrito,J.Phys.Chem.Lett.2015,6,807-811. [2] T.Lewis,M.Faubel,B.Winter,J.C.Hemminger,Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2011, 50,10178-10181. [3] IPCC,inClimateChange2007(Ed.:S.Solomon,D.Qin,M.Manning,Z.Chen,M. Marquis,K.B.Averyt,M.TignorandH.L.Miller),CambridgeUniversityPress, UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA,2007,p.996.