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Seeking Empire The Roosevelt Corollary and Latin America, Reaching to Asia, and The Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary and Latin America President Roosevelt feared of an attack on Cuba from Europe so he took precautions to attempt to prevent it and took on the role of defender... The Platt Amendment - The Monroe Doctrine was considered a “dead letter” until Roosevelt got into office and began to reassert it - Cuba was where the Latin America Policy had begun - Through the Platt Amendment of 1901, Cuba was unable to be apart of a treaty that would risk them losing their independence - The Amendment also stated that if they failed to do this, then the US would have grounds to intervene Roosevelt Corollary - At this point, Roosevelt was convinced that the Latin Americans were susceptible to attack from the Europeans - Due to this fear, he created the Roosevelt Corollary - The Corollary took the Monroe Doctrine one step further and stated that “chronic wrongdoing” put on Latin America would lead to the US to move in - The first example of this is when Dominican Republic was in threat of being settled down invaded, so the US intervened… - They seized the custom houses until things A Big Stick - Teddy had a motto, “Speak softly but carry a big stick.” - The “big stick” he was referring to the US navy - The Latin Americans were not a fan of all of these new policies - They referred to it as “Yankee Imperialism” - This continued for a long time and the United States would soon send troops to invade 35 times Reaching to Asia It was time that we began our relations with the largest continent and all of these relations led to a crash and a rebellion. Roosevelt ultimately helped put an end to this chaos and put America, as well as other countries, back on track. Open Door Policy - Matthew Perry provided trade opportunities to the United States - This earned millions for traders in the US and led to gaining region control - China was already being split up between the European powers through Spheres of Influence - Our Secretary of State, John Hay, feared of this control by other nations so he wrote the Open Door Notes in an attempt to have other nations keep in open trade in China - While only Britain accepted it, all other nations denied it The Boxer Rebellion - All of the foreign presence in China led to an inevitable crash - A chinese nationalist group called The Fists of Righteous Harmony destroyed some property of westerners - They received the nickname the Boxers and they continued to commence these attacks - This rebellion was the first time that the US invaded a foreign continent without trying to get territory - The rebellion was subdued and China owed $330 Million dollars Nobel Peace Prize for Roosevelt - Japan was a concern for the new imperial America. - From February 8, 1904 marked the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, which lasted until September 5, 1905. - The two sides met with Roosevelt in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and a treaty was arranged. - https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Portsmouth - Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in moderating the talks and pushing towards peace Nobel Peace Prize for Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize for Roosevelt - Relations with Japan were icy and the Japanese immigrants faced harsh discrimination. - The Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907 solved the problems between how the Americans and the Japanese were acting towards each other. - That same year, Roosevelt displayed his “big stick”, the new American navy. - In 1908, 3 years after the treaty was made, Japan and the United States began to respect each other’s holdings on the Pacific Rim because of the concessions made in the Root-Takahira Agreement. Nobel Peace Prize for Roosevelt The Panama Canal The Panama Canal was a much needed innovation in transportation. Despite its many obstacles, the Panama Canal flourished thanks to the efforts of Roosevelt as well as other individuals. It is a waterway that is still used today. First Obstacles - Roosevelt made a big leap in travel and transport by creating the Panama Canal. - There were many obstacles to this project: ○ Great Britain ○ Clayton-Bulwer Treaty ○ Geography - Ferdinand de Lessups organized a French attempt in Panama in the 1870s. - Nicaragua was also one possibility for the United States. First Obstacles Selecting Panama and Construction - Panama was not an independent state and the United States had to negotiate with Colombia in order to obtain rights to it. - Colombia was powerless to stop the uprising and the United States was the first nation in the world to recognize the new government of Panama. - Construction of the Canal was much more difficult than the Americans anticipated. - Because of Walter Reed and William Gorgas, the threats of disease was greatly diminished. Selecting Panama and Construction Bibliography - Gallen, James M. "THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR." THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR. N.p., 6 July 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. - Ushistory.org. "Seeking Empire." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. - "Milestones: 1899–1913 - Office of the Historian." U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. - Roosevelt, Theodore. "Treaty of Portsmouth." Treaty of Portsmouth - World War I Document Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. <https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Portsmouth>. Review Questions Review Questions 1. Where did the Latin America Policy begin? a. Mexico 2. Why did Roosevelt create the Roosevelt Corollary? b. Brazil a. He feared that Latin America could be attacked c. Cuba b. He didn’t like Europeans d. Chile c. He wanted to be the only Country that could have control d. He just felt like it Review Questions 3. What was the “Big Stick” Roosevelt mentioned? 4. What was the Open Door Policy? a. An actual stick a. All men had to hold doors open for women b. The Air Force b. China could only trade with the US c. Nukes c. Countries would agree to keep free trade d. The Navy d. Anyone could immigrate into America Review Questions 5. What was the name of the Chinese Rebellion group from the Boxer Rebellion? 6. What was the name of the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War? a. The God Worshiping Society a. Treaty of Versailles b. The Fists of Righteous Harmony b. Treaty of Paris c. The Boxer Rebels c. Treaty of Portsmouth d. The Chinese Rebels d. Gentlemen’s Agreement Review Questions 7. Which agreement allowed the Japanese and the Americans to finally settle their conflicts and respect each other’s holdings on the Pacific Rim? a. Root-Takahira Agreement b. Gentlemen’s Agreement c. Colombian Agreement d. The Great Agreement 8. Which of the following was not an obstacle in choosing to create a canal in Panama? a. Great Britain b. Panama’s Geography c. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty d. Disapproving Natives Review Questions 9. Why did the United States have to negotiate with Colombia in order to gain rights to Panama? a. Panama was a city inside of Colombia so approval from the state was needed b. Panama was not yet an independent state c. One of Panama’s demands was that Colombia approved d. None of the above 10.What did Walter Reed and William Gorgas do that made construction of the Panama much safer? a. They created stronger construction trucks b. They convinced the angry natives that the canal was too much of a benefit to pass up on c. They reduced the threat of disease d. They had volunteers act as “lifeguards” to protect those working at the constuction site