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Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration:
Harvesting Chemical Energy
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for
Biology
Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 9-2 What does energy flow into a system as? Leave as?
Light
energy
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis
in chloroplasts
CO2 + H2O
Organic
+O
molecules 2
Cellular respiration
in mitochondria
ATP
ATP powers most cellular work
Heat
energy
Fig. 9-UN1 Fill in missing information.
Fig. 9-UN2 Fill in missing information.
Fig. 9-UN3 Fill in missing information.
BioFlix: Cellular Respiration
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 9-7 Do you think the potential energy is higher for the reactants or the products? Explain.
Enzyme
Enzyme
ADP
P
Substrate
+
Product
ATP
Fig. 9-8 Fill in missing information.
_________________________ phase
Glucose
__ ADP + __
P
__ ATP used
_________________ phase
4 ADP + 4 P
2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+
__ ATP formed
+ 2 H+
2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
Net
Fig. 9-9-4 What would happen if you removed dihydroxyacetone phosphate as fast as it was produced?
Glucose
ATP
1
Hexokinase
ADP
Glucose-6-phosphate
2
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate
4
Fructose-6-phosphate
ATP
Aldolase
3
Phosphofructokinase
ADP
5
Isomerase
Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate
4
Aldolase
5
Isomerase
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate
Fig. 9-9-9 Why is this called the energy payoff phase?
2
NAD+
6
Triose phosphate
dehydrogenase
2 Pi
2 NADH
+ 2 H+
2 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 ADP
7 Phosphoglycerokinase
2 ATP
2
Phosphoenolpyruvate
2 ADP
2
3-Phosphoglycerate
8
Phosphoglyceromutase
2 ATP
2
10
Pyruvate
kinase
2-Phosphoglycerate
9
2 H2O
Enolase
2 Phosphoenolpyruvate
2 ADP
10
Pyruvate kinase
2 ATP
2
2
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Fig. 9-10 Fill in the missing information.
______________
_______________
NAD+
_____
+ H+
2
1
________
Transport protein
3
___
___________
_________
Fig. 9-12-8 How many
molecules of NADH,
FADH2, ATP are
produced in the Citric
Acid cycle by one piece
of glucose?
Acetyl CoA
CoA—SH
NADH
+H+
H2O
1
NAD+
8
Oxaloacetate
2
Malate
Citrate
Isocitrate
NAD+
Citric
acid
cycle
7
H2O
NADH
+ H+
3
CO2
Fumarate
CoA—SH
6
-Ketoglutarate
4
CoA—SH
5
FADH2
NAD+
FAD
Succinate
GTP GDP
ADP
ATP
Pi
Succinyl
CoA
NADH
+ H+
CO2
Fig. 9-13 Why are the
components of the ETS
arrowed in increasing
electronegativity?
NADH
50
2 e–
NAD+
FADH2
2 e–
40

FMN
FAD
Multiprotein
complexes
FAD
Fe•S 
Fe•S
Q

Cyt b
30
Fe•S
Cyt c1
I
V
Cyt c
Cyt a
Cyt a3
20
10
2 e–
(from NADH
or FADH2)
0
2 H+ + 1/2 O2
H2O
Fig. 9-14 Where is ATP synthase found?
How is the rotor powered?
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
H+
Stator
Rotor
Internal
rod
Catalytic
knob
ADP
+
P
i
ATP
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
Fig. 9-16 If complex IV were nonfunctional, could chemiosmosis produce any ATP, and if so, how would the rate of synthesis
differ?
H+
H+
H+
H+
Protein complex
of electron
carriers
Cyt c
V
Q


ATP
synthase

FADH2
NADH
2 H+ + 1/2O2
H2O
FAD
NAD+
ADP + P i
(carrying electrons
from food)
ATP
H+
1 Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
2 Chemiosmosis
Fig. 9-17 Fill in missing information.
Electron shuttles
span membrane
_________
2 NADH
_________
Glucose
__
_______
_______________
2 NADH
or
2 FADH2
6 NADH
2 NADH
2
Acetyl
CoA
+ 2 ATP
_____
_____
_____
+ 2 ATP
Maximum per glucose:
About
36 or 38 ATP
2 FADH2
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
+ about 32 or 34 ATP
Animation: Fermentation Overview
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 9-18a What is absent in the environment to trigger fermentation?
2 ADP + 2 P i
Glucose
2 ATP
Glycolysis
2 Pyruvate
2 NAD+
2 Ethanol
(a) Alcohol fermentation
2 NADH
+ 2 H+
2 CO2
2 Acetaldehyde
Fig. 9-18b Compare and contrast lactic acid and alcohol fermentation.
2 ADP + 2 P i
Glucose
2 ATP
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
2 NADH
+ 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 Lactate
(b) Lactic acid fermentation
Fig. 9-19 Fill in the blanks.
______________
____________
_______________
______________
_____________
_______________
_______________
_______________
________________
_______
_______
_______
Acetyl CoA
_________
_______
Fig. 9-20 True or False.
Only carbohydrates can
be reduced into
components that
eventually enter the citric
acid cycle.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Amino
acids
Sugars
Glycolysis
Glucose
Glyceraldehyde-3- P
NH3
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Citric
acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Fats
Glycerol
Fatty
acids
Fig. 9-21 Explain how phosphofructokinase
is regulated by ATP, citrate, and AMP.
Glucose
AMP
Glycolysis
Fructose-6-phosphate
–
Stimulates
+
Phosphofructokinase
–
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Inhibits
Inhibits
Pyruvate
ATP
Citrate
Acetyl CoA
Citric
acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation