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Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 9-2 What does energy flow into a system as? Leave as? Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O Organic +O molecules 2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy Fig. 9-UN1 Fill in missing information. Fig. 9-UN2 Fill in missing information. Fig. 9-UN3 Fill in missing information. BioFlix: Cellular Respiration Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 9-7 Do you think the potential energy is higher for the reactants or the products? Explain. Enzyme Enzyme ADP P Substrate + Product ATP Fig. 9-8 Fill in missing information. _________________________ phase Glucose __ ADP + __ P __ ATP used _________________ phase 4 ADP + 4 P 2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+ __ ATP formed + 2 H+ 2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O Net Fig. 9-9-4 What would happen if you removed dihydroxyacetone phosphate as fast as it was produced? Glucose ATP 1 Hexokinase ADP Glucose-6-phosphate 2 Phosphoglucoisomerase Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate 4 Fructose-6-phosphate ATP Aldolase 3 Phosphofructokinase ADP 5 Isomerase Fructose1, 6-bisphosphate 4 Aldolase 5 Isomerase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate Fig. 9-9-9 Why is this called the energy payoff phase? 2 NAD+ 6 Triose phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Pi 2 NADH + 2 H+ 2 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2 ADP 7 Phosphoglycerokinase 2 ATP 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate 2 ADP 2 3-Phosphoglycerate 8 Phosphoglyceromutase 2 ATP 2 10 Pyruvate kinase 2-Phosphoglycerate 9 2 H2O Enolase 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate 2 ADP 10 Pyruvate kinase 2 ATP 2 2 Pyruvate Pyruvate Fig. 9-10 Fill in the missing information. ______________ _______________ NAD+ _____ + H+ 2 1 ________ Transport protein 3 ___ ___________ _________ Fig. 9-12-8 How many molecules of NADH, FADH2, ATP are produced in the Citric Acid cycle by one piece of glucose? Acetyl CoA CoA—SH NADH +H+ H2O 1 NAD+ 8 Oxaloacetate 2 Malate Citrate Isocitrate NAD+ Citric acid cycle 7 H2O NADH + H+ 3 CO2 Fumarate CoA—SH 6 -Ketoglutarate 4 CoA—SH 5 FADH2 NAD+ FAD Succinate GTP GDP ADP ATP Pi Succinyl CoA NADH + H+ CO2 Fig. 9-13 Why are the components of the ETS arrowed in increasing electronegativity? NADH 50 2 e– NAD+ FADH2 2 e– 40 FMN FAD Multiprotein complexes FAD Fe•S Fe•S Q Cyt b 30 Fe•S Cyt c1 I V Cyt c Cyt a Cyt a3 20 10 2 e– (from NADH or FADH2) 0 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 H2O Fig. 9-14 Where is ATP synthase found? How is the rotor powered? INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+ Stator Rotor Internal rod Catalytic knob ADP + P i ATP MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX Fig. 9-16 If complex IV were nonfunctional, could chemiosmosis produce any ATP, and if so, how would the rate of synthesis differ? H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Cyt c V Q ATP synthase FADH2 NADH 2 H+ + 1/2O2 H2O FAD NAD+ ADP + P i (carrying electrons from food) ATP H+ 1 Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation 2 Chemiosmosis Fig. 9-17 Fill in missing information. Electron shuttles span membrane _________ 2 NADH _________ Glucose __ _______ _______________ 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 6 NADH 2 NADH 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 ATP _____ _____ _____ + 2 ATP Maximum per glucose: About 36 or 38 ATP 2 FADH2 Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis + about 32 or 34 ATP Animation: Fermentation Overview Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 9-18a What is absent in the environment to trigger fermentation? 2 ADP + 2 P i Glucose 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate 2 NAD+ 2 Ethanol (a) Alcohol fermentation 2 NADH + 2 H+ 2 CO2 2 Acetaldehyde Fig. 9-18b Compare and contrast lactic acid and alcohol fermentation. 2 ADP + 2 P i Glucose 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 NAD+ 2 NADH + 2 H+ 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate (b) Lactic acid fermentation Fig. 9-19 Fill in the blanks. ______________ ____________ _______________ ______________ _____________ _______________ _______________ _______________ ________________ _______ _______ _______ Acetyl CoA _________ _______ Fig. 9-20 True or False. Only carbohydrates can be reduced into components that eventually enter the citric acid cycle. Proteins Carbohydrates Amino acids Sugars Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P NH3 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Fats Glycerol Fatty acids Fig. 9-21 Explain how phosphofructokinase is regulated by ATP, citrate, and AMP. Glucose AMP Glycolysis Fructose-6-phosphate – Stimulates + Phosphofructokinase – Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Inhibits Inhibits Pyruvate ATP Citrate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation