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Communication with aliens? It’s possible!
European youth space contest
Direction: Astrobiology –
Search for life in the universe
Topic: We have discovered
aliens – how can we talk to
them, in what language?
Team:
Aleksandar Georgiev Georgiev
Leah KhodrShuman
Ivo Petrov Pesev
Astronomical observatory,Varna
10th grade at the High School of Mathematics
“Dr. Peter Beron” ,Varna
Team leader: Silvia Zaharieva, High School of
Mathematics “Dr. Peter Beron”,Varna
Mentor: Dr.VeselkaRadeva,
Astronomical observatory,Varna
Introduction
In the Universe there are hundreds of
billions of stars. Many planets have
already been discovered orbiting
around stars in our galaxy.
Considering this, there must be
billions of planets in the galaxies,
which we observe. It is possible that
there is developed life on some of
them. If life on Earth is not just an
accident in the planet’s evolution,
then space must be filled with life –
diverse intelligent species and
technologically advanced
civilizations. However, we have not
found such yet and it seems like they
are missing. This problem and many
others find their answers in the
modern science for life and stars –
astrobiology.
I. Extraterrestrial beings and civilizations
Possible life forms and life beings’ stage of evolution
The life forms may be small in size bacteria and microorganisms - or
they might be in a size similar to ours.
They could have adapted for life on
land - air, water, soil environment or
in another organism. It is not
necessary for life forms to be carbonbased as life is on Earth. They might
be made of silicon. Depending on the
environment of their planet, life
forms may not have senses like we
humans do.
Possible life form.
Possible life forms and life beings’ stage of evolution
The planet experts examined life
forms that might be present on
celestial bodies like Mars and Titan
(the largest moon of Saturn).
According to scientists organisms on
Mars as an intracellular fluid can
contain hydrogen peroxide, and the
lives of creatures on Titan may be
based exclusively on the chemistry of
hydrocarbons.
Possible life form.
The life of beings on Titan might be
exclusively based on the chemistry of
hydrocarbons.
Martian rabbit.
Civilizations – stage of development
The level of development of a
civilization may be considered
depending on the amount of energy
that it can control. This is the so called
Kardashev scale.
Extraterrestrial civilizations can be of
three types compared to ours:
Possible communication between two forms of life.
Civilizations – stage of development
I. Less developed than us
II. Developed as much as us
III. More developed than us
(Kardashev scale)
Civilization type I -Technological
level close to the level presently
attained on earth, with energy
consumption at 1016W
Civilization type II -A civilization
capable of harnessing the energy
radiated by its own star 4x1026W
Civilization type III -A civilization in
possession of the energy of its own
galaxy, with energy consumption at
4x1037W
A fictional civilization.
Scientific projects about the search for alien civilizations
KEPLER MISSION
Professor Sasselov suggests that the
time needed for the creation of even
the simplest form of life may be
entirely commensurate with the age
of the Universe. Therefore, if our
brothers in mind exist somewhere in
space it is more likely that their
civilization would be less developed
than ours.
In the past two years, search for
planets around other stars outside
our solar system, called exoplanets,
led to the discovery of more than
2000 objects. With huge success the
Kepler space mission was realized.
Dimitar Sasselov
Co-Investigator
Kepler Space Missions
The results of Kepler Space Missions
The Fermi Paradox
We owe to Enrico Fermi
the idea of his famous
paradox, which asks:
"If we are not unique,
then where are all the
other extraterrestrial
civilizations?"
Enrico Fermi
The Drake equation
Humanity begins the search for
extraterrestrial civilizations with a
series of research projects.
Frank Drake
Using this formula, he calculated
how many civilizations, proficient in
radio, there are in our galaxy the
Milky Way.
R* - the average rate of star formation in our Galaxy;
fp - the fraction of those stars that have planets;
ne – the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planets;
fl – the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point;
fi –the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations);
fc – the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of
their existence into -space;
fL – what part of time of the total existence of the planet will radio communication survive;
The results of the Drake equation can range from one to billions.
Analysis of the reasons why there is no established contact with alien civilizations
1. The Earth is unique!
2. Every intelligent life form could
face difficulties!
3. The aliens have left the
Universe!
4. Earth is not as important as we
think it is!
5. We live in a virtual reality!
6. We live in the depths of the
Universe!
7. We haven’t detected their
signals yet!
8. We cannot recognize their
signals!
9. Ultra-organisms are suicidal in
nature!
10. They are among us!
Our place in the Universe.
We cannot recognize their signals.
II. COMMUNICATION
Forms of communication on Earth between different organisms
On Earth there are four main types of
communication. The Linguistic
communication (through a common
language), expressions on the face,
body language (some kind of dance)
and written communication. There
are also other types of
communication.
There are two main types of
communication between animals
and humans:
I. Verbal communication
II. Non-verbal communication
Verbal communication
Verbal communication is when
we speak. It is a system of
phonetic signs.
Verbal communication has the
following properties:
-the content
-comprehensibility
- the expressiveness
Non-verbal communication
gestures – humans
sound – dolphins, whales, horses
light – sea mantis, fireflies
touch – elephant
chemical way of communication – ants
image – aliens
Forms of communication regarding the variation of alien beings
Communication with aliens could be
established by using some of the
known forms of communication.
They may have senses to
perceive anything.
Let’s take a look at some possibilities:
Possible life near a red dwarf star.
Forms of communication regarding the variation of alien beings
We’ve discovered a planet on
which there is highly-developed
life. However, the planet is covered
with water – one huge ocean.
Keeping in mind the diversity of
species in Earth’s oceans and their
ways of communication between
one another, we will take a look at
the following possibilities:
The highly-developed creatures
are two types: the first
communicate with sounds and the
others use colors.
The highly-developed creatures are a few types (considering their senses): ones with
only hearing, with only sight and sight and hearing.
I. We suggest the following methodology regarding the first type (hearing)
(Communication via sounds)
II. For the second type (sight) we suggest
(Communication via colors)
III. For the third type (sight and hearing) we suggest
(We use their better developed sense as primary and the other one as secondary)
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
- presence of sight and specific
facial growths – most probably
sensitive
Home planet:
- a huge ocean
- aqua civilization
- big in size considering the body
Communication:
- via colors
- images
- careful and controlled touch
Analysing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
It has sight, perhaps also
hearing because of the dense
air
Home planet:
Hot deserted planet, a
dense atmosphere
similar to Earth’s
Communication:
- comprehensible sentences
- via images and their
- corresponding sounds
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Presence of sight and
sensitive growths
Home planet:
A dry deserted planet,
low gravity, atmosphere
similar to Earth’s
Communication:
Communication via colors,
careful and controlled
touch
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Slow and steady nonaggressive actions, showcase of
images in order to see how
intelligent and curious they are.
Home planet:
A rocky planet, low gravity,
scarce vegetation, dense
atmosphere, perhaps large
consistency of O2 in the
atmosphere.
Communication:
Pick up vibrations easily, makes
sounds. It can hold and work
with objects (perhaps it lives in
the tower behind).
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
- present sight
- makes sounds
- specific growths
Home planet:
- planet similar to earth
- lots of sunlight
- developed vegetation
Communication:
Communication via
colors, images and
sound.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Presence of well-developed
sight and hearing, specific facial
growths, sensitiveness, sound,
change in temperature, close to
Earth’s species.
Home planet:
- a dark humid planet
- a dense atmosphere
similar to earth’s
- diverse vegetation
Communication:
Possible contact by using
the language of
mathematics, via images,
drawings and sounds.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Presence of sight and specific
facial growths which are most
probably sensitive.
Home planet:
- earth-like planet
- vegetation
- dense atmosphere
Communication:
Communication via
colors, images, careful
and controlled touch.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
An Earth-like animal species,
sound and non-verbal ways of
communication.
Home planet:
planet with a half-desert
terrain; low gravity;
vegetation ; somewhat earthlike; probably lots of O2 in the
atmosphere
Communication:
Slow and steady nonaggressive actions,
showcase of images in order
to see if how intelligent and
curious they are.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
- developed hearing
- uses echolocation
- sight
Home planet:
- a rocky planet with low gravity
- dense atmosphere
- earth-like vegetation, probably
lots of O2 in its atmosphere
Communication:
We will show typical sounds
from Earth.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Sight is present, probably even
hearing, sensitive body. No
information about intellect.
Home planet:
- an aqua planet with a dense
atmosphere
Communication:
Contact via sound messages.
Analyzing possible ways of communication
Alien being:
Presence of sight and specific
body growths on its body,
which are most probably
sensitive, bioluminescence and
echolocation.
Home planet:
-a planet covered with one huge
ocean
- aqua civilization
Communication:
Communication via sounds,
images; we will showcase our
planet with images .
III. CONCLUSION
In the Universe there is a big diversity of planets orbiting around stars,
each with its own unique characteristics. The specifics of exoplanets will
determine the type and features of any possible extraterrestrial being.
When taking into consideration every life form’s individual
characteristics we will be able to come up with an appropriate way to
mutually understand each other. People face a big challenge in
discovering adequate ways to communicate with their cosmic brothers.
This is the reason for why it is so important to successfully develop and
examine different possibilities.
Our project is a small contribution to this cause – it is an attempt to
suggest our ideas for possible communication with extraterrestrials. We
are certain that in time, along with evolution, humanity will think of ever
better and more successful methods to socialize with representatives from
foreign worlds.
IV. LITERATURE
 Books and articles:
 Saselov, D.,The Life of Super-Earths:
How the Hunt for Alien Worlds and
Artificial Cells Will Revolutionize Life
on Our Planet, Basic Books, 2012
 Bozhilov, V., Forgan D.H., ‘The
Entropy Principle, and the Influence
of Sociological
 Pressures on SETI’, IJA, (2010), 9, pp
175-181
 Шкловски, Й., Вселена, живот,
разум, Наука и изкуство, 1976
 O'Malley-James J.T., Cockell C.S.,
Greaves J.S., Raven J.A, Swansong
Biospheres II: The final signs of life on
terrestrial planets near the end of
their habitable lifetimes:. (2014), Int.
J. Astrobiology 13: 229-243
Internet addresses:
Какво стана с парадокса на Ферми?!, Източник: University of Oxford, 2013 http://megavselena.bg/kakvo-stana
-s-paradoksa-na-fermi/ (Посетена на 2015-10-03)
Астробиологията и парадоксът на Ферми: наистина ли сме сами във Вселената?,
Българска наука, 2015 http://nauka.bg/a/
(Посетена на 2015-10-03)
If aliens arrive on Earth, would we use math to communicate?, Quora, 2015
https://www.quora.com/If-aliens-arrive-on-Earth-would-we-use-math-to-communicate (Посетена на 2015-10-04)
Хокинг: Дойде време да търсим форми на живот извън пределите на Земята, 2015
http://dariknews.bg/view_article.php?article_id=1471895 (Посетена на 2015-10-04)
Гигантски дълголетни организми обитават Титан?, 2015 http://megavselena.bg/gigantski-dylgoletni-organizmi-krai-saturn/
(Посетена на 2015-10-04)
Защо извънземните не влизат официално в контакт с нас?, 2012
http://snaiper-bg.net/2012/12/zashto-izva-nzemnite-ne-vlizat-ofitsialno-v-kontakt-s-nas/ (Посетена на 2015-10-07)
How to Create a Scientifically Plausible Alien Life Form,2011
http://io9.gizmodo.com/5784971/how-to-create-a-scientifically-plausible-alien-life-form (Посетена на 2016-01-21)
Alien Species to replace humans by 2100 says SETI Researcher, 2015 http://www.ancient-code.com/alien-species-to-replacehumans-by-2100-says-setiresearcher/
(Посетена на 2015-11-2)
Planet Explorers! Alien species, extraterrestrial lifeforms and xenobiology, Concept art and screenshots from Planet Explorers,
a science fiction sandbox video game now on Steam early access: http://store.steampowered.com/app/237870/
https://www.pinterest.com/thepunpercent/planet-explorers-alien-species-extraterrestrial-li/ (Посетена на 2016-01-14)
ES PROBABLE QUE HAYAN EXISTIDO ALIENS EN NUESTRO SISTEMA SOLAR
PERO SE EXTINGUIERON, Tech & Gadgets, 2016
http://latam.ign.com/tech/19647/news/es-probable-que-hayan-existido-aliens-en-nuestro-s
(Посетена на 2016-01-26)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 
Communication
with aliens?