Download H4 History of Mathematics R8 G6

HighFour History of Mathematics
Category B: Grades 6 – 8
Round 8
Monday, April 18, 2016
The use of calculator is not required.
Answer #1:
Explanation:
Division
The obelus is also used alone to represent the division operation itself, as
for instance as a label on a key of a calculator. Although previously used for
subtraction, the obelus was first used as a symbol for division in 1659 in the
algebra book Teutsche Algebra by Johann Rahn.
Answer #2
Explanation:
Rhombus
In Euclidean geometry, a rhombus, plural rhombi or rhombuses, is a simple
(non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral all of whose four sides have the same
length. Another name is equilateral quadrilateral, since equilateral means
that all of its sides are equal in length.
Answer #3
Explanation:
Parallel Lines
Parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two lines in a
plane that do not intersect or touch each other at any point are said to be
parallel. Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate.
Answer #4
Explanation:
Composite Numbers
A composite number is a positive integer that has at least one positive
divisor other than one or the number itself. In other words, a composite
number is any integer greater than one that is not a prime number.
Answer #5
Explanation:
Sydney
Inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work
of the 20th century that brings together multiple strands of creativity and
innovation in both architectural form and structural design. The Sydney
Opera House comprises three groups of interlocking vaulted ‘shells’ which
roof two main performance halls and a restaurant.
HighFour History of Mathematics
Category B: Grades 6 – 8
Round 8
Monday, April 18, 2016
The use of calculator is not required.
Answer #6
Explanation:
Germany
Chinese Checkers was invented in Germany in 1892 under the name "SternHalma" as a variation of the older American game Halma. The "Stern"
(German for star) refers to the board's star shape (in contrast to the square
board used in Halma). The name "Chinese Checkers" originated in the
United States as a marketing scheme by Bill and Jack Pressman in 1928.
Answer #7
Explanation:
Kilos
Kilo (from the Greek χίλιοι, literally a thousand) is a unit prefix in the metric
system denoting multiplication by one thousand. It has been used in the
International System of Units where it has the unit symbol k, in lower case.
It was originally adopted by Antoine Lavoisier's research group in 1795, and
introduced into the metric system in France with its establishment in 1799.
Answer #8
Explanation:
90 Degrees
In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle that bisects the
angle formed by two halves of a straight line. As a rotation, a right angle
corresponds to a quarter turn, which is quarter of a circle, which is equal to
90 degrees.
Answer #9
Explanation:
Set Theory
Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which
informally are collections of objects. Although any type of object can be
collected into a set, set theory is applied most often to objects that are
relevant to mathematics.
Answer #10
Explanation:
3rd Power
In arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power: the
result of the number multiplied by itself twice:
. The Indian
mathematician Aryabhata wrote an explanation of cubes in his work
Aryabhatiya. In 2010 Alberto Zanoni found a new algorithm to compute the
cube of a long integer in a certain range, faster than squaring-andmultiplying.
HighFour History of Mathematics
Category B: Grades 6 – 8
Round 8
Monday, April 18, 2016
The use of calculator is not required.
Answer #11
Explanation:
Equiangular
The word equiangular means having equal angles. Triangles that are
equilateral (have equal sides) are also equiangular (have equal angles).
Answer #12
Explanation:
Sphere
Like a circle, which geometrically is a two-dimensional object, a sphere is
defined mathematically as the set of points that are all at the same distance
from a given point, but in three-dimensional space. This distance is the
radius of the ball, and the given point is the center of the mathematical
ball. The longest straight line through the ball, connecting two points of the
sphere, passes through the center and its length is thus twice the radius; it
is a diameter of the ball.
Answer #13
Explanation:
Archimedes
Archimedes first derived this formula for surface area of the sphere from
the fact that the projection to the lateral surface of a circumscribed cylinder
(for example, the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection) is areapreserving.
Answer #14
Explanation:
Natural Numbers
The natural numbers are the basis from which many other number sets
may be built by extension, for example the integers, the rational numbers,
the real numbers, and more.
Answer #15
Explanation:
Commutative Properties
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of
the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of
many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. The
idea that simple operations, such as multiplication and addition of
numbers, are commutative was for many years implicitly assumed and the
property was not named until the 19th century when mathematics started
to become formalized.
HighFour History of Mathematics
Category B: Grades 6 – 8
Round 8
Monday, April 18, 2016
The use of calculator is not required.
Answer #16
Explanation:
Degree Symbol (°)
The degree symbol (°) is a typographical symbol that is used, among other
things, to represent degrees of arc (e.g. in geographic coordinate systems),
hours (in the medical field), degrees of temperature, alcohol proof, or
diminished quality in musical harmony. The symbol consists of a small
raised circle, historically a zero glyph.
Answer #17
Explanation:
Gram
Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal
to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of
melting ice" (later 4°C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of
the SI base unit, the kilogram.
Answer #18
Explanation:
D
Roman numerals, the numeric system used in ancient Rome, employs
combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to signify values.
Answer #19
Explanation:
Mexico
Chichen Itza is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State,Mexico. The
structure is in the shape of a pyramid. By far the most amazing aspect of
the pyramid is the accuracy, significance, and relevance it has within the
Mayan calendar and social system. Each stairway consists of ninety one
steps, with one step at the top common to all four sides, for a total of three
hundred and sixty five steps, the exact number of days in a solar year. Each
side of the pyramid has fifty two rectangular panels, equal to the number of
years in the Mayan cycle.
Answer #20
Explanation:
Quadrilateral
In Euclidean plane geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four edges
(or sides) and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term quadrangle is
used, by analogy with triangle, and sometimes tetragon for consistency
with pentagon (5-sided), hexagon (6-sided) and so on.