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Geography 1 - 2017 (Explanations) E1. Deccan plateau is located in the moderate and low risk zones and it is a stable part and not located in the plate boundary regions. E2. All these types of climatic pattern exist in India. Polar type – Kashmir, Desert – Rajasthan, Cold humid – North Eastern states, Monsoon – throughout India. E3. Onshore planetary wind (Trade Winds) carries moisture from sea to land in the direction east to west. E4. Only Mercury and Venus have no moons. Rotational period of all inner planets differ. Mars and Earth have similar rotational periods but orbital period around the Sun varies. E5. Monsoon failure is not normal every 4 years once. Monsoon causes orographic rainfall. E6. Ajanta, Balaghat, Nallamala hills E7. Karbi Anglong of Assam gets more rain in south west monsoon rainfall. East to west rainfall decreases in North India. E8. Seismic waves are evidences for the existence of heterogeneous layers in the interior. E9. Eastern Satpura has moist deciduous. Aravalli has dry deciduous. E10. Pennar flows from west to east and empties into Bay of Bengal. E11. Humidity is more in tropics and precipitation is more than subtropics. Duration of day time in summer season is more in subtropics and subsidence of the air mass in subtropics increases the temperature near the surface. E12. Easterly Jet Stream blows from east to west. It is continuous wind belt and called as circum polar wind. E13. Westerlies belt in northern hemisphere shift to south during NH winter and causes winter rainfall in south Western Europe, North America. E14. Due to river shift and depositional work by rivers, braided channels are formed. E15. Continental shelves were not formed by currents. Warm current causes moderate weather in temperate regions. Salt is distributed to low to high and high to low latitudes. E16. N.F-77%, Scrubs-1.26 % , Open forests9.14 % , Moderately dense-9.59 % , Very dense forests- 2.61 % E17. Due to the hard rock surface, rivers follow slopes and can’t form dendritic pattern. E18. All are tributaries of Cauvery. Just a few years ago, Lokapavani and Veera Vaishnavi, tributaries of Cauvery, were prime water sources for farmers. These rivers have also caused panic to the district administration frequently by creating flood-like situations. Today, they have dried up. One can see villagers digging the beds of these tributaries for sand or grazing cattle. The prevailing drought, soaring temperature, illegal sand mining, and encroachments are said to be reasons for their drying up. (Source; The Hindu, April 25, 2016) E19. Vaishnaodev – J & K, West Kemang – Arunachal. In all these 3 places landslide occurred in this year. (Source: The Hindu: the torrential rain has caused substantial damage to a school building, circuit house and storehouses of four government departments besides flooding the local police station. This is the second major landslide in Arunachal Pradesh this year. A landslide triggered by 1 heavy rains enroute to the cave shrine of Mata Vaishnodevi in Jammu and Kashmir’s Reasi district. The landslide at Malin village, which is nestled in the Sahyadri mountain range of the Western Ghats, has set alarm bells ringing about the impact of deforestation in this ecologically sensitive zone) E20. Lakshadweep has no mangrove cover. Tamil Nadu and Odisha have largest cover of Mangroves. Punjab and Haryana have least forest cover proportion in North India. E21. The crust forms only 0.5 per cent of the volume of the earth, 16 per cent consists of the mantle and 83 per cent makes the core. E22. Three earth quakes in four days. What you need to know? (the Hindu, Nov 26) E23. Cold air in the upper troposphere is denser and heavy in the upper part of sub tropics that is why it tends to sinks down. E24. Gorges are found in upper course of the rivers in mountainous zones. E25. It originates in Shiwalik range of Himachal Pradesh. It flows through Haryana and Rajasthan and empties in Thar Desert. It is monsoon dependent River. E26. Terai regions in the foothills of Shiwalik have the given characteristics. E27. Tundra has scanty precipitation. Savannah has high annual average temperature. Temperate rain forests receive very high rain fall. E28. Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Russia are Border States of Caspian. E29. Continentality climate is the reason for this. The interior parts are located away from the moderate influence of the wind from Sea. E30. 10 degree channel separates Andaman and Nicobar. E31. Temperature inversion is normal throughout the year in Polar Regions. It occurs in both the hemisphere. E32. Tropical and subtropical enclosed water bodies have high annual and diurnal range of temperature. E33. Day and night duration is equal in equinox. In March month, spring in northern hemisphere and autumn in southern hemisphere. E34. Earth has tilted in its axis to about 23 ½ degree and the vertical rays are received only in tropics. E35. Eastern coast receive rainfall in north east monsoon. E36. Due to gravity and less intense of solar wind cause light gas atmosphere in the outer planets. E37. Earth quake originates in any plate. Tsunami is a sudden effect of earth quake and not always caused by Earth quake. E38. Gulf warm current extends into high latitudes and north Atlantic drift moves towards north eastern Atlantic E39. Deccan Plateau area > Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats > Plains E40. Sabari River is tributary of Godavari River. E41. Mahadeo in Madhya Pradesh, Ajanta in MH and then in the south Harischandra range is located E42. Beas River empties into Sutlej River. E43. Temperate deciduous receives more rain than savannah, steppe, and tundra. E44. Radial pattern of rivers are found in central highlands. E45. Not only inclination determines the surface temperature. Maximum temperature is recorded in subtropics. 2 E46. Relief features are permanent one for longer periods. Pressure gradient force and IOD will determine the intensity of monsoon. E47. All the given plate boundaries are convergence boundaries. E48. Eruption mode is not determined by boundaries. E49. High tides and low tides occur twice in a day in a place. E50. Vegetation pattern determined biodiversity. E51. Convectional rain occurs in summer in many regions. Convergence belt is located in mid latitudes also. E52. Epicentre is nearest point to the focus in the surface. E53. Atolls are coral deposits and not made up of volcanoes. Atolls are found in all oceans. E54. Mercury has the lowest value and Venus has the highest albedo value. E55. Both crust and interior are dynamic. Gravitation of the moon does not cause plate tectonics. E56. It reverses but every 40000 years once. E57. Rotation of the earth causes day and night. In day, noon and evening inclination of rays change. E58. Convection in equator due to temperature causes that the thickness of the troposphere in the atmosphere of earth is more in equator than in poles. E59. Both statements are correct. E60. Range of temperature, wind erosion, biodiversity and rock weathering are factors form soil. E61. Eastern Rajasthan and western Madhya Pradesh experience steppe type climate E62. North east monsoon is easterly or north easterly in eastern coast of India. E63. Due to north eastern hills and Arakan Yoma mountain wind is deflected to east. E64. Narmada flows between Vindhya and Satpura. Tapi flows between Satmala and Satpura. E65. Rann of Kachchh is hot dry climate E66. Kjolen – Norway, Balkan – Balkan Peninsula, Pindus – Greece E67. Magnolia, Cinhona, Laurel are species in Sholas forests. E68. Mammals – tertiary, Mesozoic – Dinosaurs, Homosapiens – Pleistocene E69. Sikkim and northern Assam regions have glaciers. E70. Earth-flow- when rock materials such as clay and silt saturated with water move down a gentle slope. Mud flow – Movement of water saturated rock debris down channels on steep hill sides. Landslide- dry soil and rock pieces suddenly move down a steep slope. E71. Gulf is narrower than Bay and intensifies tides. E72. Sea floor spreading, identical coasts and jig-saw fit of the continents are evidences. E73. Carbon dioxide is transparent to solar radiation but opaque to terrestrial radiation and reflects back some part of it towards the earth’s surface. E74. Kashmir – polar type, October heat due to shift in Sun’s vertical rays, North east monsoon – winter rain E75. Magma is the evidence for high temperature inside the earth E76. Inclination of Sun rays determines temperature of a region. Gradient is not uniform. E77. Laterites are good aquifer. E78. Thermocline exists in summer in subtropics and not exists in Polar regions. E79. Submarine canyons are found in continental slope 3 E80. Vertical rays cover less area than slant rays and records high temperature. E81. Cold Polar wind pushes the moist subtropic wind to rise and causes rainfall E82. Radioactive decay causes convection. E83. When both plates are of maritime, both of them break, subduct and penetrate below and, hence, trenches are formed. E84. Kilimanjaro – Africa, Cotapaxi- south America, Etna – Europe E85. The water vapour present in the atmosphere absorbs radiation, controls the rate of evaporation E86. The temperature at which a given sample of air becomes fully saturated is called dew point E87. Subarnarekha is not a tributary of Mahanadi E88. Cyclones dissipate during land fall. E89. Cyclones do not cause Tsunami E90. Sutlej and Indus originate in Tibet. E91. Atmosphere has no limit. E92. One millibar is equal to the force of nearly one gram per square centimetre E93. Nathu La – Sikkim, Lipulekh – Uttarakhand. E94. Eastern Ghats receive winter rain and contains tropical forests. E95. Arid soil has the given characteristics. E96. River has the least amount than the given others. E97. These two pressure belts are produced by earth;s dynamic forces and not by temperature. E98. All the given three are characteristics of sub tropical high pressure belt. E99. Luni empties into Rann of Kachchh. Mahi and Sabamati empty into Arabian Sea. E100. Dhaulagiri, Annapurna are located in Nepal. Trishul is located in Uttarakhand. 4