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91159
,. .
1111111111111111111
NZ~
SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY
NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY
MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA
Level 2 Biology, 2013
91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression
9.30am Friday 22 November 2013
Credits: Four
Achievement
Demonstrate understanding of gene
expression.
Achievement with Merit
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of
gene expression.
Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of gene expression.
Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 2-9 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
Low
Excellence
TOTAL
19
ASSESSOR' S USE ONLY
©New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2
You are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
ASSESSOR'S
use oNLY
QUESTION ONE: EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT
One way to examine the role of the environment in variation among organisms is to compare the
phenotypes of various traits in genetically identical organisms. Armadillos are ideal animals to use
in such research, because they are born as quadruplets derived from a single fertilised egg. This
means that all four ru.madil1o pups share the same genetic sequence. In a number of experiments
carried out by scientists in the 1960s, genetically identical armadillos were found to show
significant phenotypic differences when exposed to a range of environmental factors.
For copyright reasons,
this resource
cannot be reproduced here.
Image Source: http://www.nature.com/s<:itablclnatedlcontenl/5884/four_aonadillos_83-72_mid_! Jpg
'
Discuss how genetically identical armadillos could be used to show the relationship between·
environmental factors and phenotype.
In your answer:
--,
describe what is meant by 'phenotype'
describe what is meant by 'mutagen', and explain, using appropriate examples, why not all
environmental factors are mutagens
evaluate how studies on the armadillos could show that 'non-mutagenic' environmental
factors may change phenotype without changing genotype.
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Biology 91159, 2013
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4
QUESTION TWO: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Al.lSESSOll'S
lU'mONLV
The DNA sequence determines the structure of a protein and how that protein is produced.
Table of mRNA CODONS
SECOND CODON ELEMENT
(a)
lJ
.....
~
~
6
§
c
A
G
PHE
!'HE
LEU
SER
SER
'l'YR
CYS
CYS
STOP
LEU
r--~··
C
c
TRP
A
(;
ARG
ARG
,C
_t\RG
A
lu
GLU
GLU
ARG
THR
THR
ASPN
ASPN
SER
c
MET
THR
THR
LYS
LYS
ARG
ARG
A
G
VAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
ALA
ALA
ALA
ALA
ASP
ASP
OLU
GLt;
OLY
OLY
OLY
GLY
u
LEU
i
LEU
LEU
A!
JLE
ILE
lLE
G
TYR
STOP
STOP
SER
SER
-·,.--
u
PRO
PRO
PRG
PRO
LEU
u
.....
....~
u
IllS
InS
.-
SER
'
0
~
§
u ~
c
i
A
G
··~-
. Using the inf~nnation provided above, eompletethe table below.
Note: In the table below, you need only to give one possible codon for each mRNA.
DNA
r--mRNA
Amino Acids
l
~ ~(
~uc.
MET
{ IC-
Cd'\ c.
GLU
Biology 91159,2013
I
~:~ I ~;:l
...
TYR
·-
I --
-·---
STOP
5
. {b)
Discuss the major stages of protein synthesis.
In your answer, include each of the following:
the role of the DNA template and coding strands
RNA structure and function
the relationship between codons AND anticodons
Biology 91159, 2013
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
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QUESTION THREE: MUTATIONS
j ASSt:SSOR'!l
U!J:!!ONL'l'
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator). The most common mutation is a deletion of three nucleolides that
resillts in a loss of an amino acid at the 50 8th position on-tlie ]rroi'fm. Thill ;,_utatfon acrounts for
approximately 66-·70% of cystic fibrosis cases worldwide. It is an inheritable recessive condition.
CFTR Sequence;
NucleotldeATC ATf T~....., GGTGTT
Amino Acid lie
II
Phe
Gly
Val
I
I
····~ 508
500
510
Deleted In .1.F508
AF-508 CFTR Sequence:
Nucleotide ATC ATT GGT GTT
Amino Acid
He
lle
Gty
Val
I
506
Image Sourc~ hl.tps://www.bmmdicss.com!physiology/fiiD..respjratory-systcm/
respiratory-system-disorders-and-cllnicnt-caresJcystio-fibrosis/
{a)
Define the term mutation,
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(c)
With reference to ~'Ystic fibrosis and another named disease, compare and contrast inherited
mutations with mutations that occur during the organism's lifespan.
In your answer include:
•
a description of both types of mutation
•
an explanation of possible causes of these mutations and why they are different in terms
of their effect on the organism
a discussion of each type of mutation, iu relation to the two diseases, and whether the
diseases are inherited .
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Extra paper If required.
Write the question number(s) If applicable.
Bi<Jiogy 91159, 2013
I
I\SSE$sm:l'S
USI$0NI..V
L
_j
91159
,. . NZftA
1111111111111111111
SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY
NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY
MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA
Level 2 Biology, 2013
91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression
9.30am Friday 22 November 2013
Credits: Four
Achievement
Demonstrate understanding of gene
expression.
Achievement with Merit
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of
gene expression.
Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of gene expression.
Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 2-9 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
Excellence
TOTAL
22
ASSESSOR'S USE ONLY
©New Zealand Qualificat•onsAuthority. 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permiss•on of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2
You are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
ASSES!
USEC
QUESTION ONE: EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT
One way to examine the role of the environment in variation among organisms is to compare the
phenotypes of various traits in genetically identical organisms. Atmadillos are ideal animals to use
in such research, because they are born as quadruplets derived from a single fertilised egg. This
means that all four armadillo pups share the same genetic sequence. In a number of experiments
carried out by scientists in the 1960s, genetically identical armadillos were found to show
significant phenotypic differences when exposed to a range of environmental factors.
For copyright reasons,
this resource
cannot be reproduced here.
.
Image Source: http://www.nature.com/scitable/nated/content/5884/four_armadillos_83-72_mid_l.jpg
Discuss how genetically identical armadillos could be used to show the relationship between
environmental factors and phenotype.
In your answer:
t/
•
describe what is meant by 'phenotype'
•
describe what is meant by 'mutagen', and explain, using appropriate examples, why not all
environmental factors are mutagens ./
•
evaluate how studies on the annadillos could show that 'non-mutagenic' environmental
factors may change phenotype without changing genotype. /
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--·--
------·-··-·-·Biology 91159, 2013
4
QUESTION TWO: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
The DNA sequence determines the structure of a protein and how that protein is produced.
(a)
Table of mRNA CODONS
SECOND CODON ELEMENT
~
-,-h
l
U
u
c
Plffi
SER
SllR
SER
STOP
SER
PRO
PRO
PRO
PRO
z~-~
)
~
C
ill
~
5
§
LEU
LEU
A
u
p.
~P<
LEU
LEU
G
ILB
ILE
JLE
THR
MET
THR
VAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
ALA
ALA
·-~··-'---
G
TYR
CYS
CYS
u
STOP
STOP
TitP
A
G
HIS
IllS
GLU
GLU
ARG
ARG
ARG
ARG
TYit
-
TllR
TllR
fiLA
ALA
A
-
ASPN
ASPN
LYS
LYS
ASP
ASP
GLU
GLU
..
~
-
c
·-
-·~-·
SER
SER
~
u
c
A
G
r-u
c
~
(j
0
tJ
~
to1
r;;
::~t ~
.
GLY
GLY
GLY
-U
C
. A
GL~G
Using the iufonnation provided above, complete the table below.
Note: In the table below, you need only to give one possible codon for each mRNA.
f'r ( 1
Explain with an example from the table why there is more than oue possible codon for the
same amino acid.
i
5
/i
Discuss the major stages of protein synthesis.
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
In your answer, include each of the following:
the role of the DNA template and coding strands ~
RNA structure and function /
the relationship between codons AND anticodons ./
the role of start AND stop codons . /
the purpose of the ribosome.
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_____..
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the following page.
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Biology 91159, 2013
'
7
<o~UEST,JON
THREE: MUTATIONS
...,-''
fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane
[..ccmdlJCtanceregnlator). The most common mutation is a deletion of three nucleotides that
re11nlts in a loss of an amino acid at the 50 8th position on the protein. This mutation accounts for
··approximately 6~70% of cystic fibrosis cases worldwide. It is an inheritable recessive condition.
CFTR Sequence:
G G T G TT
Amino Acid lin
Gly
If
I
•••
Val
510
Deleted In AF5DB
.&F51}8 CFTR Sequenc.e:
Nucleotide ATC ATT GGT GTT
Amino Acid
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Define the term mutation,
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IdentifY the differences between substitution, insertion and deletien mutations, and explain
which type of mutation has the most significant effect on an organism's phenotyp<J.
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With re:furence to cystic fibrosis and another named disease, compare and contrast inherited
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In your answer include:
a description ofboth types of mutation /
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an explanation of possible causes of these mutations and why they are different in terms
of their effeL1 on the organism ../
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a discussion of each type of mutation, in relation to the two diseases, and whether the
diseases are inherited. I
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