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Literature for Learning
Hatchet
Gary Paulsen
Nonfiction/Informational Text
Standards-Based Study Guide
Teacher’s Edition
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HopenhageN
p u b l i s h i n g
Hopenhagen Publishing ©2014
Page i
Literature for Learning
Hatchet
Nonfiction/ Informational Text
Standards-Based Study Guide
®
HopenhageN
p u b l i s h i n g
Hopenhagen Publishing
www.hopenhagenpublishing.com
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ISBN
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Copyright ©2013 Hopenhagen Publishing. Irvine, California. All rights reserved. Printed in the
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication protected by this copyright may be reproduced,
utilized, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, in whole or in part including
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permission of the Publisher.
This study guide is based on the book Hatchet:
Copyright 1987 by Gary Paulsen
Published by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers: New York
Hopenhagen Publishing ©2014
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Contents
Introduction to the Literature for Learning Standards-Based Study Guide ...........................1
Author Biography: Gary Paulsen.................................................................................................2
Comprehension Questions ....................................................................................................4
Chronology Graphic Organizer.............................................................................................7
Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer ....................................................................................8
Descriptive Graphic Organizer .............................................................................................9
Descriptive Essay ................................................................................................................10
The Northern Wilderness of Canada .........................................................................................12
Note-Taking Graphic Organizer ........................................................................................15
Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer ........................................................................17
Comprehension Questions .................................................................................................18
Explanatory/Informative Graphic Organizer .....................................................................22
Explanatory/Informative Essay:.........................................................................................23
Cessna F406 Plane .......................................................................................................................25
Comprehension Questions .................................................................................................27
Cessna Plane Diagram .......................................................................................................32
Moose ............................................................................................................................................33
Note-Taking Graphic Organizer ........................................................................................35
Comprehension Questions .................................................................................................37
Physical Traits Graphic Organzier .....................................................................................43
Black Bear.....................................................................................................................................44
Note-Taking Graphic Organizer ........................................................................................46
Comprehension Questions .................................................................................................48
Physical Characteristics Graphic Organizer ......................................................................53
Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer .........................................................................54
Compare and Contrast Essay .............................................................................................55
Miracle on the Hudson River ......................................................................................................57
Comprehension Question ...................................................................................................60
Narrative Graphic Organizer..............................................................................................64
Narrative Essay ..................................................................................................................65
Tornados .......................................................................................................................................67
Comprehension Questions .................................................................................................69
Fujita Scale Graphic Organizer..........................................................................................74
Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer .........................................................................75
Compare and Contrast Essay .............................................................................................76
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................78
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Introduction to the Literature for Learning Standards-Based Study Guide
The Literature for Learning Standards-Based Study Guide is based on the
English/Language Arts national content standards of the National Council of Teachers of English
(NCTE), the International Reading Association (IRA) and the National Common Core
Standards. The Literature for Learning series was developed by a teacher who implemented
reading novels in the classroom for two decades as part of her language arts curriculum. The goal
was to provide reading and writing experiences for students to help increase reading interest as
well as prepare them for standardized testing.
The Informational/Nonfiction Literature for Learning Standards-Based Study Guide is
designed to provide background information to help frontload students on topics related to the
novel in order to boost student understanding and engagement. The Informational/Nonfiction
Text Study Guide includes passages and activities that provide practice answering text dependent
questions based on the following Common Core standards:
•
•
Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when
drawing inferences from the text.
Determine the main idea of a text and explain how they are supported by key details;
summarize the text.
•
Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases in a
text relevant to a grade level topic or subject area.
•
Identify the overall structure (e.g., chronology, comparison, cause/effect,
problem/solution) of events, ideas, concepts, or information of the text.
•
Demonstrate the ability to locate an answer to a question in the text.
•
Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text,
identifying which reasons and evidence support which point(s).
•
Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as
inferences drawn from the text.
•
Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details;
provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.
•
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including
figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.
•
Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall
structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.
•
Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed
in the text.
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The Northern Wilderness of Canada
The northern wilderness of Canada is made up of three territories: the Yukon, the
Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The territories are the northernmost area of Canada,
extending north from sixty degrees latitude. All three territories are huge in land mass, but
sparsely populated. The climates of the three territories vary, but generally range from sub-arctic
to polar.
Yukon Territory
The Yukon Territory is the westernmost of Canada’s three territories. It does not extend
to the Pacific Ocean to the west or south, as it borders both Alaska, and the Canadian province of
British Columbia. To the north, Yukon borders the Beaufort Sea, a sea that is part of the Arctic
Ocean, and is frozen over for most of the year.
Yukon is located within the Canadian Cordillera region. This region is made up of a
series of mountain ranges about 500 miles wide that extends from north to south. The mountains
in this region are young, like those in the American Rockies, and rise to heights of more than
10,000 feet. The mountains are exceptionally steep and rocky, and in many places, are sheer rock
and soil extending to the summit, with no vegetation whatsoever. The highest mountain in
Canada, Mount Logan, is located in this region.
The Yukon Territory is about the same size as the country Spain, about 187,00 square
miles in mass, making it slightly larger than California. The population of Yukon is quite small,
at 32,714, most of whom live in Whitehorse, the capital city.
Two main roads pass through the southern part of the territory. The Alaska Highway
which goes from the northern United States to Alaska, and the Dempster Highway, which is a
gravel road, and the only public road in Canada that crosses into the Arctic Circle. There is a vast
network of unpaved roads below the Arctic Circle, but few in the northernmost parts of the
Yukon. The most efficient way to reach the most remote areas of Yukon is by small plane, and
there are dozens of private airstrips throughout the region.
The temperature in this region can plunge to below -50 degrees Fahrenheit and seldom
goes above sixty degrees in the warmest months. Because of its proximity to the North Pole,
winter days are very short in the Yukon and summer days can be quite long. For example, on the
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shortest day of the year, the sun shines for only five and a half hours. In contrast, on the longest
day of the year, it is daylight for over 19 hours.
Wildlife in the area includes moose, caribou, black bears, and grizzly bears. Dall sheep, a
species of wild sheep found only in northwest North America are also plentiful. Wolves are
frequently sighted, and there are hundreds of different species of birds and small mammals as
well.
Northwest Territories
Canada’s Northwest Territories is located north of the 60th parallel of latitude and north
of the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Eastern British Columbia. It is situated
east of the Yukon Territory and west of the Nunavut Territory in northern Canada. To the north,
the Northwest Territories border the Beaufort Sea, and the northernmost islands extend into the
Arctic Ocean.
At 440,500 square miles, the region is twice the size of Texas. The population, however,
is just 43,529 people. Texas has almost 600 times as many people in half the space! There are
three main roads into the region, which are sometimes closed for weather. There are many large
lakes in the NWT and a common means of travel is via floatplane, a type of plane that can land
and take off from water. There are some communities within the region that can only be reached
by floatplane during the warmer months and are not accessible by road at all.
Question 4
The Northwest Territories include the Arctic Archipelago and the Artic Cordillera. The
Artic Archipelago is an area made up of 50 large islands and more than 40 smaller islands and
extends from the Beaufort Sea to the west, all the way to Greenland on the East. Most of the
terrain in this area is arctic tundra and it is generally uninhabited, except for a very few Inuit
settlements in the southernmost parts. The Artic Cordillera is a mountain range that extends into
the Arctic Circle. Few plants or animals are able to survive in this rough terrain, other than polar
bears or arctic wolves and some smaller mammals exclusively found in polar climates.
The average temperature in the warm months seldom goes above 50 degrees Fahrenheit
and in the winter months can drop to sixty degrees below zero, or even colder. The area also
Question 11
experiences fierce artic blizzards and whiteout conditions that can prevent travel of any kind,
including by air. On the longest day of the year, in June, the sun will shine for about 20 hours in
the northernmost areas. On the shortest day, in December, daylight lasts less than five hours.
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This region has several unique species found only in northern climates, as well as some
species that might be familiar to those living in more southern regions. Some of the larger
animals include the Canadian lynx, a type of wild cat, the fisher, which is a member of the
Question 18
weasel family, and the wolverine, which is also a member of the weasel family. Caribou, moose,
and grizzly bears roam the region, as do wolves and artic wolves. Some unique birds are present
as well, including the tundra swan, the snowy owl, and the bald eagle.
Nunavut
The easternmost of Canada’s territories is Nunavut. Nunavut means “our land” in the
native Inukititut language. Until 1999, this territory was part of the Northwest Territories, but
was separated as part of a Native Inuit land-claim agreement. The Inuit people have inhabited
this area for thousands of years, and it has been a part of Canada for over 100 years. There are
only about 34,000 people in Nunavut. There are just 25 settled communities in an area of almost
800,000 square miles.
To the east, the area is bordered by Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea, extending into the
Atlantic Ocean. Most of the area is covered with snow for at least six months of every year. The
land is made up almost entirely of tundra, which is a cold, treeless, flat area.
Question 2
While there are roads within the individual communities in Nunavut, there are no roads
that link the communities to each other or to other parts of the continent. One cannot drive to
Nunavut. Small planes are used to move from one region to another. Some communities situated
on large bodies of water also rely on boats to transport people and supplies. As the land is quite
barren, almost all supplies necessary for living must be delivered by ship or by plane.
Temperatures in Nunavut seldom get above 50 degrees in the warmest regions and have
been recorded at less than 50 degrees below zero. In the northern parts of the territory, residents
experience between 20 and 24 hours of daylight for most of June and up to 24 hours of darkness
a day during the month of December.
There are more caribou than people in Nunavut, and other animals including wolverines,
eagles, grizzly bears, wolves and moose are quite common. Sea animals like walruses, blue
whales, and killer whales are commonly spotted at the shoreline.
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Note-Taking Graphic Organizer
Directions: Use the information from the passage to fill in the chart below.
Topic
territory
Yukon
Northwest
Nanavut
• westernmost territory
in Canada
• borders Beaufort Sea
and lies east of the
Yukon Territory and
west of Nanavut
Territory.
• easternmost territory
in Canada
• borders Alaska, British
Columbia, and the
Beaufort Sea
• Canadian CordilleraMt. Logan-highest
mountain in Canada
• the northernmost
islands extend into the
Atlantic Ocean
• bordered by Baffin Bay
and the Labrador Sea
and extending into the
Atlantic Ocean
• includes the Artic
Archipelago and Arctic
Cordillera
square miles
187,000
440,500
800,000
population
32,714
43,529
34,000
common form of
car- two main highwaysAlaska Highway and
Dempster Highway
transportation
plane
shortest day
Less than 5 1/2 hours of
daylight
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car- three main roads
which are sometimes
closed due to weather
small planes or boats
floatplane
Less than 5 hours of
daylight
Up to 24 hours of
darkness
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Topic
longest day
temperatures
wildlife
Yukon
just over 19 hours of
daylight
Northwest
Nanavut
20 hours of daylight
20-24 hours of daylight
-50 degrees Fahrenheit
to 60 degrees above zero
-60 degrees Fahrenheit to less than -50 degrees
Fahrenheit to 50 degrees
50 degrees Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit
moose, caribou, black
bears, grizzly bears,
wolves, sheep
lynx, fisher, wolverine,
caribou, moose, grizzly
bears, wolves, tundra
swan, snowy owl, bald
eagle
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wolves, eagles,
wolverine, grizzly bears,
moose, walruses, killer
whales, blue whales
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The Northern Wilderness of Canada: Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer
Directions: Use the graphic organizer below to compare and contrast all three territories of
the Northern Wilderness of Canada. Use your notes from pages 15 and 16 to help you fill
in the graphic organizer below.
Northwest Territories
Yukon
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Nanavut
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The Northern Wilderness of Canada: Comprehension Questions
1)
All three territories of the Northern Wilderness of Canada
A consists of small land masses.
B are located in the southernmost area of Canada.
C are densely populated.
D range from sub-arctic to polar climates.
2)
Which word best defines “tundra”?
A arctic
B forest
C desert
D tropics
3)
According to the passage, the _____________ is frozen for most of the year.
A Baffin Bay
B Labrador Sea
C Beaufort Sea
D Alaskan Bay
4)
Highlight or underline three sentences that provide reasons why float planes are the
most common form of transportation in the Northwest Territories.
5)
The author compares the American Rockies to the Canadian Cordillera Mountains to
show that they are both
A majestic.
B young.
C ancient.
D rugged.
6)
The highest mountain in Canada is located in which territory?
A Yukon
B Northwest Territories
C Nanavut
D Arctic Archipelago
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7)
Which highway serves as the main thoroughfare from the U.S to Alaska?
A Pacific Coast Highway
B Route 66
C Alaska Highway
D Dempster Highway
8)
“The mountains are exceptionally steep and rocky, and in many places, are sheer rock
and soil extending to the summit, with no vegetation whatsoever.”
Which sentence has the same meaning of sheer as in the sentence above?
A I saw a look of sheer panic overcome her face.
B An animal appeared from a cave on a sheer cliff overlooking the sea.
C The moonlight shone through the sheer curtains and illuminated the room.
D The tears returned, from sheer frustration.
9)
An antonym for the word summit as used in the excerpt above is
A base.
B peak.
C top.
D center.
10) The word whatsoever as used in the excerpt above means
A obviously.
B unfortunately.
C no matter what.
D of any kind.
11) Highlight or underline the sentence in the passage that explains why the Northwest
Territories may not be accessible during the winter season.
12) Which territory has the smallest population?
A Yukon
B
Northwest
C British Columbia
D Nanavut
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13)
A synonym for the word province as used in paragraph 2 is
A border.
B territory.
C sea.
D nation.
14) The Artic Cordillera, the American Rockies, and the Canadian Cordillera are all
A valleys.
B series of islands.
C mountain ranges.
D major highways.
15)
Based on the information in the passage, the reader can infer that ___________ are the
most common form of transportation used in the Northern Wilderness of Canada.
A cars
B trains
C planes
D boats
16)
Which sentence best summarizes the central idea of the passage?
A The Northwest Territories border the Beaufort Sea, and the northernmost islands extend
into the Arctic Ocean.
B The Northern Wilderness of Canada is a large, mountainous land mass that is sparsely
populated and ranges from sub-arctic to polar climates.
C The Northern Wilderness of Canada is the northernmost area of Canada, extending
north from sixty degrees latitude.
D These three territories have several unique species found only in northern climates, as
well as some species that might be familiar to those living in more southern regions.
17) Which animals do all three regions of the Northern Wilderness of Canada have in common?
A wolves, grizzly bears, moose
B wolves, caribou, eagles
C wolves, sheep, lynx
D wolves, black bears, caribou
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18) Highlight or underline the sentence in the text that identifies two animals that are
members of the weasel family.
19) What is the difference between the Arctic Archipelago and the Arctic Cordillera?
A The Arctic Archipelago is a mountain range and the Arctic Cordillera is a series of
islands.
B The Arctic Archipelago is a series of islands and the Arctic Cordillera is a mountain
range.
C The Arctic Archipelago is a series of islands and the Arctic Cordillera is a sea.
D The Arctic Archipelago is a sea and the Arctic Cordillera is a bay.
20) Which paragraph is written in compare and contrast text structure?
A paragraph 2
B paragraph 5
C paragraph 8
D paragraph 10
21) Read the sentence from the passage.
“The Inuit people have inhabited this area for thousands of years.”
Which inference does this text evidence best support?
A The native people of Nanavut are known as the Inuit.
B The Canadian Arctic is populated exclusively by the Inuit tribe.
C The Inuit tribe have occupied Nanavut since 1999.
D The Inuit tribe was just recently discovered to be living in the Nanvut within the past 100
years.
22) The climate in all three territories of the Northern Wilderness of Canada can be
described as
A polar.
B tropical.
C dry.
D temperate.
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Explanatory/Informative Graphic Organizer
A biome is a regional or global land area that is characterized by the plants, animals, and climate in that
area. The world is classified into five major biomes: aquatic, deserts, forests, grasslands, and tundra.
Parts of the Northern Wilderness of Canada are considered part of the tundra wilderness. Choose one
other biome to research, and record information about the plants, animals, and climate of that biome in
the graphic organizer below.
Biome:_____________________
Plant life
Animal life
Climate
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Explanatory/Informative Essay
A biome is a regional or global land area that is characterized by the plants, animals, and climate in that
area. The world is classified into five major biomes: aquatic, deserts, forests, grasslands, and tundra.
Parts of the Northern Wilderness of Canada are considered part of the tundra wilderness. Write an essay
describing the plants, animals, and climate of that biome. Use the graphic organizer to help you write
your essay.
Biome:_____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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