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Common Abbreviations and Acronyms Common abbreviations, acronyms, and short names are listed below. Any unofficial abbreviation should be used where they appear in the text at least three times, and be noted in parentheses after full explanation at the first time in the text. Do not use abbreviation(s) in the title (July 2013). ADP, adenosine diphosphate AFB, acid fast bacilli AFP, alpha-fetoprotein ALP, alkaline phosphatase ALT, alanine aminotransferase AMP, adenosine monophosphate ANA, antinuclear antibody anti-HAV, antibody to hepatitis A virus anti-HBc, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen anti-HBe, antibody to hepatitis B e antigen anti-HBs, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen anti-HCV, antibody to hepatitis C virus aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time ASO, antistreptolysin O AST, aspartate aminotransferase ATP, adenosine triphosphate BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guerin BMI, body mass index BUN, blood urea nitrogen CA 125, cancer antigen 125 CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 CD, Crohn’s disease CDAI, Crohn’s disease activity index cDNA, complementary DNA CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen CK, creatine kinase CNS, central nervous system CRP, C-reactive protein CT, computed tomography DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography FDP, fibrinogen degradation product GGT, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain HAV, hepatitis A virus HBcAg, hepatitis B core antigen HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen HBIG, hepatitis B immune globulin HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen HBV, hepatitis B virus HCV, hepatitis C virus HDL, high density lipoprotein HDV, hepatitis D (delta) virus HEV, hepatitis E virus HLA, histocompatibility antigen HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography IBD, inflammatory bowel disease IBS, irritable bowel syndrome Ig, immunoglobulin LDH, lactic dehydrogenase LDL, low density lipoprotein MHC, major histocompatibility antigen MRI, magnetic resonance imaging mRNA, messenger RNA No., number(s) NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug OD, optical density PCR, polymerase chain reaction PET, positron emission tomography PG, prostaglandin PT, prothrombin time RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism RIA, radioimmunoassay RIBA, recombinant immunoblot assay RNA, ribonucleic acid RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR SC, subcutaneous(ly) UC, ulcerative colitis UV, ultraviolet VLDL, very low density lipoprotein vol, volume wt, weight [Units] A, ampere(s) cal, calorie(s) g, gram(s) h, hour(s) INR, international normalized ratio IU, international unit(s) kcal, kilocalorie(s) kg, kilogram(s) L, liter(s) m, meter(s) M, molar min, minute(s) mL, milliliter(s) mmHg, millimeter(s) of mercury mo, month(s) mol, mole(s) o C, degree(s) Celsius osm, osmole(s) s, second(s) U, unit(s) V, volt(s) W, watt(s) wk, week(s) yr, year(s) μL, microliter(s) μm, micrometer(s) [Statistical Terms] ANOVA, analysis of variance CI, confidence interval df, degrees of freedom n, number in study NS, not significant r, correlation coefficient OR, odds ratio RR, relative risk SD, standard deviation SEM, standard error of the mean