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Potential development of agro-processed
products from indigenous/traditional pulses
and vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa
Ashwell R. Ndhlala
Ian du Plooy and Hafiz Abdelgadir
Agricultural Research Council
Agro-processing of Herbal and Food Crops
Vegetable and Ornamental Plants
Crop Science
Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
The National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF)
“Pulses and Food Security”
2 – 3 June 2016
Agro-processing
SA Agro-processing
• Sector is worth R49 billion (4.6 Bill USD)
• Growing at a faster pace (+2% per year)
SA has the fastest growing Agro-processing markets
in Africa.
The goal is to create jobs and become a world
reference in terms of high quality agro-processing
products .
Southern Africa’s
“botanical gold mine”
Immense (unique) botanical wealth
‘mega-diversity area’ and ‘hot spots’
(3 floristic regions and 15 centres of endemism)
Potential resource-base
for extensive new value-products
(industrial, pharmaceuticals, crop-plants, agro-chemicals)
21st Century Food System Challenges
• Agricultural Competitiveness
o Improve crop and animal agriculture; enhance farm productivity
and income; policies; supply chain; storage; transportation
• Ecological Footprint
o Water/land use, natural resource and environmental stewardship,
greenhouse gas, global climate change, depleted soils
• Bioeconomy
o Replacements for petroleum-based products and enhance
community economic well being
• Health
o Food safety, (micro)nutrition, obesity, type II diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, hunger, poverty
What are the available tools
?
Mankind’s ancient love affair with pulses
‘How it was told’
Once upon a time, Jack planted a magic bean
that grew into a massive beanstalk. No wait,
that’s not right! Actually the story of mankind’s
love for pulses begins long before this….
Health benefits of pulse crops
• Contain large amounts of vitamins and minerals
per calorie
- Key minerals:
Iron, potassium, magnesium, and
- Abundant in B vitamins:
folate, thiamin, niacin
zinc
• High in protein, essential amino acids
• Rich in complex carbohydrates
• High in fiber
• Healthy microbiome
Some Long Term Health Benefits
Bean in infant diet for:
 Growth and development
Bean in adult diet can reduce risks for:
 Cancer (colon and mammary)
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
 Heart disease
Health benefits of pulse crops
Number of people with diabetes by IDF region, 2014
International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. Sixth Edition. Update 2014
International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. Sixth Edition. Update 2013
The bean eater…..
'The Beaneater (Il Mangiafagioli)' (c.
1580–1590) by Annibale Carracci (1560–
1609).
Low-glycaemic index foods, such as
beans and other pulses, have been
extensively exploited for their ability to
improve metabolic control, related to
blood glucose and lipids.
Sievenpiper et al. Diabetologia, 2009;52:1479-95
Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in pulses
71 percent of
children under 5
and 53 percent of
women in Africa
are iron deficient
Adapted from Dr. Mark Brick, Colorado State University
Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences: Little Beans, Big
Opportunities
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Path forward: Biofortification
Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy
New York Academy of Sciences
Opportunities: Products
Opportunities: Products
Opportunities: Products
Challenges…
What are the strategies
What are the challenges
?
Complex regulatory laws
politics
emotion
economics
GRAS-Generally Regarded as Safe certification
Rigorous safety tests required
Hazards analysis and critical control pointsHACCP
Identification and elimination of hazards
Good Manufacturing Practices - GMP
Compliance with International standards
– North America
– Europe
– Asia
Machinery
Packaging and storage
Highlights – R&D
Agronomy and Post-harvest Processing
• Spacing trials
• Geographical variations
• Cultivars variation
• Plant part variation
• Plant age variation
• Shelf life
• Drying methods
• Plant and soil health
• Quality control
• Production standards
Highlights – R&D
• Infrastructure
development
- ARC-VOP
Processing Facility
and Product Test Lab
- Rural Processing
Facilities
– Sedikong
(Tooseng)
– Phedisanang
Hammanskraal
[email protected]