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Potential development of agro-processed products from indigenous/traditional pulses and vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa Ashwell R. Ndhlala Ian du Plooy and Hafiz Abdelgadir Agricultural Research Council Agro-processing of Herbal and Food Crops Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Crop Science Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa The National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) “Pulses and Food Security” 2 – 3 June 2016 Agro-processing SA Agro-processing • Sector is worth R49 billion (4.6 Bill USD) • Growing at a faster pace (+2% per year) SA has the fastest growing Agro-processing markets in Africa. The goal is to create jobs and become a world reference in terms of high quality agro-processing products . Southern Africa’s “botanical gold mine” Immense (unique) botanical wealth ‘mega-diversity area’ and ‘hot spots’ (3 floristic regions and 15 centres of endemism) Potential resource-base for extensive new value-products (industrial, pharmaceuticals, crop-plants, agro-chemicals) 21st Century Food System Challenges • Agricultural Competitiveness o Improve crop and animal agriculture; enhance farm productivity and income; policies; supply chain; storage; transportation • Ecological Footprint o Water/land use, natural resource and environmental stewardship, greenhouse gas, global climate change, depleted soils • Bioeconomy o Replacements for petroleum-based products and enhance community economic well being • Health o Food safety, (micro)nutrition, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, hunger, poverty What are the available tools ? Mankind’s ancient love affair with pulses ‘How it was told’ Once upon a time, Jack planted a magic bean that grew into a massive beanstalk. No wait, that’s not right! Actually the story of mankind’s love for pulses begins long before this…. Health benefits of pulse crops • Contain large amounts of vitamins and minerals per calorie - Key minerals: Iron, potassium, magnesium, and - Abundant in B vitamins: folate, thiamin, niacin zinc • High in protein, essential amino acids • Rich in complex carbohydrates • High in fiber • Healthy microbiome Some Long Term Health Benefits Bean in infant diet for: Growth and development Bean in adult diet can reduce risks for: Cancer (colon and mammary) Type 2 Diabetes Obesity Heart disease Health benefits of pulse crops Number of people with diabetes by IDF region, 2014 International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. Sixth Edition. Update 2014 International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. Sixth Edition. Update 2013 The bean eater….. 'The Beaneater (Il Mangiafagioli)' (c. 1580–1590) by Annibale Carracci (1560– 1609). Low-glycaemic index foods, such as beans and other pulses, have been extensively exploited for their ability to improve metabolic control, related to blood glucose and lipids. Sievenpiper et al. Diabetologia, 2009;52:1479-95 Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in pulses 71 percent of children under 5 and 53 percent of women in Africa are iron deficient Adapted from Dr. Mark Brick, Colorado State University Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences: Little Beans, Big Opportunities Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Path forward: Biofortification Adapted from Sonny Ramaswamy New York Academy of Sciences Opportunities: Products Opportunities: Products Opportunities: Products Challenges… What are the strategies What are the challenges ? Complex regulatory laws politics emotion economics GRAS-Generally Regarded as Safe certification Rigorous safety tests required Hazards analysis and critical control pointsHACCP Identification and elimination of hazards Good Manufacturing Practices - GMP Compliance with International standards – North America – Europe – Asia Machinery Packaging and storage Highlights – R&D Agronomy and Post-harvest Processing • Spacing trials • Geographical variations • Cultivars variation • Plant part variation • Plant age variation • Shelf life • Drying methods • Plant and soil health • Quality control • Production standards Highlights – R&D • Infrastructure development - ARC-VOP Processing Facility and Product Test Lab - Rural Processing Facilities – Sedikong (Tooseng) – Phedisanang Hammanskraal [email protected]