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Chapter 21: Intro. to the SW Asia/Middle East Ch. 21:1 – Landforms & Resources land bridge Southwest Asia forms a __________________connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe ___________. The most distinctive landform in Southwest Asia is the Arabian Peninsula which is surrounded by the _____________ Red Sea ____________, on the Persian Gulf southwest and the _________________on the east. Also, on the southstrategic west side of the Arabian Peninsula is the ______________ opening to the Mediterranean Sea—the _______________. Suez Canal _______________ The Anatolian Peninsula is Black Sea and the _________________ Mediterranean located between the __________ Sea. land on the Arabian Peninsula is __________ barren Most of the _______ with some wadis riverbeds low hills, ridges, and __________, which are ______________ that rainy seasons remain dry except during the ____________________. The heart of Iran is a plateau mountains _____________ surrounded by _______________. Isolated and very high, stony salty, & sandy ___________. desert the land is a ________, Rugged mountains divide Hindu Kush the land & countries in Southwest Asia. The _______________ Mountains Afghanistan of ________________ are linked with other ranges of mountains that frame Tigris southern Iran. Two of the most important rivers—the _____________ Euphrates civilizations and the _________________--supported several ancient river _______________. Jordan River sea The _________________ has no outlet to the _______, but its waters Dead Sea mingle ___________ with the salty waters of the _________________, a landlocked resource oil salt lake. The most abundant ______________ in Southwest Asia is _________. water resource that In parts of Southwest Asia, __________ is a scarce _____________ guarded and carefully _________. used must be constantly ____________ Ch. 21:2 – Climate & Vegetation animals living arid 1. Southwest Asia is extremely ________. The vegetation & ____________ desert water in the __________ can survive on little___________and in extreme temperatures _______________. Mediterranean climate prevails, making 2. In other parts of the region, a ________________ green lush the land __________ and __________ at least part of each year. Rub al-Khali also desert in the region is the______________, 3. The most famous _________ Empty temperature known as the __________ Quarter. During the summer, the _____________ surface 186 F on the ____________ of the sand often exceeds _________. An-Nafud 4. Next to this desert is the_______________ Desert. Severe sandstorms and brutal _______ heat make this desert a __________ barrier across the Arabian Peninsula. mountains block rain, and dry __________ winds increase 5. In Iran, the high ______________ moisture evaporation. So when winds evaporate the _____________ in the soil, chemical salts remain creating a ______________. salt flat ____________ fringes desert semiarid 6. On the ___________ of the ___________ are regions with a ___________ pasture lands for ___________ grazing climate. These regions offer good ___________ Turkey large herds of_______________ mohair goats graze in these lands. animals. In _________, exports hair and fabrics made from it, are among Turkey’s ___________. Their _______, adequate 7. Southwest Asia does have some areas with _____________ rainfall. Along Mediterranean coast, and in most of Turkey, hot ____________ summers the _________________ and rainy ____________ create a good climate for growing __________ winters citrus olives and vegetables. fruits, __________, Ch. 21:3 – Human-Environment Interaction resource water 1. The most critical ____________ in Southwest Asia is __________. Turkey is dams and a man-made ________ lakes on the upper building a series of ________ Euphrates River. The dams and lake will provide __________ ____________ and water hydroelectricity _________________ for parts of the country. National Water Carrier Israel carries water from 2. The___________________________ project in __________ north of country to sites in the ___________ center the _________ and south of the nation. ocean water 3. Some countries in the region are developing ways to use _________________. Desalinization salt ________________, the removal of ________ from ocean water, is done at water treatment plants technically sophisticated ___________________________________. pumped aquifers 4. Water _____________ from underground _______________ is called fossil water because it has been in the aquifer for a _________________ long period _____________ of time. This water has very little __________ chance of being ______________ replaced rainfall because the region has so little ______________ to recharge the aquifers. oil fields sands 5. The ______________ discovered in the __________ of the Southwest Asia bonanza have been a _______________ for the region. These fields contain about one-half world ________________ of all the petroleum reserves in the____________. natural gas pools 6. Oil & __________________ do not exist in large ____________ beneath the rocks ground but are trapped inside______________. Persia discovery 7. The first Southwest Asia oil ______________ was in 1908 in __________, Iran now known as __________. Petroleum crude oil 8. ________________ that has not been processed is called______________. refinery This oil must be moved to a________________, where it is converted products into useful _____________. Moving 9. ____________ oil from one location to another always involves the risk of oil spills Most modern ___________ tankers have a double hull to help of ____________. accident prevent this type of ______________.