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Currents: Review Currents~ continuous directed movement of seawater caused by wind, gravity, and water density Surface circulation Deep water circulation Cold water currents (polar regions) The air above it is cold Warm water currents (equator) The air above it is warm Wind: Review Caused by differences in air pressure due to unequal heating of the Earth’s atmosphere Jet Stream Moves West to East Local Winds Global Winds Tradewinds Westerlies Easterlies Weather Patterns: Air Masses Large bodies of air with the same properties (cold, warm, dry, moist). 4 types- maritime tropical; maritime polar; continental tropical, continental tropical Weather Patterns: Fronts The boundary between two different air masses The weather at a front is usually stormy and unsettled 4 types- cold; warm; occluded; stationary Cold Fronts: - Cold air collides with warm air and pushes it up - Violent storms Fair, cool weather afterwards Warm Fronts: - Warm air mass collides and moves over a cold air mass - Rain and showers Hot, humid weather follows Occluded Fronts: - When a warm air mass is sandwiched between 2 cold air masses and is pushed up - Less extreme storm weather occurs Stationary Fronts: - Collision of a warm air mass and a cold air mass - No movement occurs - Rain may fall for days - Cooler temperatures So How Do Fronts Cause Severe Weather? Thunderstorms Tornadoes & Hurricanes Thunderstorms and Tornadoes: - Warm, moist, low elevation wind collides with cool, dry, high elevation wind - The warm air quickly rises and the cool air sinks leading to a supercell - Sometimes the air will tilt upwards forming a funnel cloud and resulting in a tornado Hurricanes: Low pressure area containing rising warm air Forms over tropical oceans Warm moist air rises rapidly, condenses and creates clouds and thunderstorms These thunderstorms begin to spin