Download Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook

Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Introduction to Chemistry
H
O
H
H
O
H
C
H
C
H
H
O
O
H
H
O
O
H
Jul 17­10:51 AM
1
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry, Organic
Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry, Organic
Introduction
1. I can define chemistry.
2. I can define matter.
3. I can distinguish different types of matter: substances and mixtures.
4. I can distinguish different types of matter: elements and compounds.
Physical and Chemical Changes
1. I can distinguish physical and chemical processes.
2. I can identify 4 indications of chemical change. 3. I can identify physical changes, including phase change(heating curve diagram).
Organic Chemistry
4. I can distinguish organic and inorganic chemicals.
5. I can name hydrocarbon structures (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, branched hydrocarbons, alcohols) from models of structural formulas, carbon backbone structure, or stick structures.
6. I can model/draw hydrocarbon structures from the name and determine the molecular formula.
7. I can distinguish chemical symbols, formulas and equations.
8. I can explain the parts of a chemical reaction (reactants and products).
9. I can determine the number of atoms in a unit formula and in a reaction.
10. I can define a complete combustion reaction and predict the products.
11. I can balance a combustion reaction.
Aug 28­3:02 PM
2
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Organic Chemistry
Objectives
4. I can distinguish organic and inorganic chemicals.
5. I can name hydrocarbon structures (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, branched hydrocarbons, alcohols) from models of structural formulas, carbon backbone structure, or stick structures.
6. I can model/draw hydrocarbon structures from the name and determine the molecular formula.
Sep 7­3:03 PM
3
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Organic Chemistry (organic = C compounds)
Organic Chemistry vs. Inorganic Chemistry
study of most C containing ot
N
compounds tion: es or es
t
ep na oxid
c
o
Ex arb on
c arb
c
study of all substances not classified as organic compounds without C
Jul 17­10:55 AM
4
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
ORGANIC Compounds
1. Natural (from living things)
• proteins • lipids • nucleic acids (DNA) • carbohydrates
• fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas)
2. Synthetic (man­made)
• plastics
• styrofoam • nylon
• rayon
• polyester
Jul 17­10:55 AM
5
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Hydrocarbons
contain:
_____ and _____
C ­ C bonds
and C ­ H bonds are stable.
Bond type:
______________
electrons are shared
C ­ C bonds create: • straight chains
• branched chains • cyclic or ring structures
Number of Bonds for C: ___
for H: ___
Jul 17­10:55 AM
6
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Naming:
1. If all single bonds, ends in "­ane"
2. Number of C ­­ given by a prefix
1 meth­ methane 1 C Monkeys 2 eth­ ethane
2 C Eat
3 prop­ _______ 3 C Peeled
4 but­ butane
4 C Bananas
5 pent­ pentane 6 hex­ _______ 7 hept­ _______
8 oct­ _______
9 non­ nonane
10 dec­ _______
f
Jul 17­10:55 AM
7
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Molecular and Structural formulas
carbons have 4 bonds
structural
formula
carbon backbone
stick structure
structure
(no H drawn in)
Name
molecular formula
methane
CH4
ethane
C 2H 6
pentane
C5H12
C­C­C­C­C
octane
C8H18
C­C­C­C­C­C­C­C
C­C
Jul 17­10:55 AM
8
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkane ­ all single bonds
propane
C3H8
general formula: CNH2N + 2 Alkene ­ at least 1 double bond
propene
general formula: C3H6
CNH2N Alkyne ­ at least 1 triple bond
propyne
general formula: CNH2N ­ 2 C3H4
butyne
What names are given to these? formula?
7C, alkane
heptane
C7H16
9C alkane
nonane
C9H20
5C alkene
pentene
C5H10
1C, alkene
methene
4C alkyne
butyne
2C, alkyne
C 4H 6
C 2H 2
ethyne
Location of double and triple bonds
• use number in front of name to give location of bond
1­pentene
2­pentene
2­pentyne?
• number from both ends and choose lowest number
Name these:
2­pentene
1­butene
2­octyne
Jul 17­10:55 AM
9
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Carbon: covalent bonds
electrons are shared
single bond = 1 line = 2 e­
double bond = 2 lines = 4 e­
triple bond = 3 lines = 6 e­
Sep 9­7:38 AM
10
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
name these:
Draw structural formula of ethyne
Draw stick structural formula of nonane
Sep 10­7:38 AM
11
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
name these:
Draw structural formula of ethyne
Draw stick structural formula of nonane
Sep 10­7:38 AM
12
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Molecular and Structural formulas
carbons have 4 bonds
Name
molecular formula
structural
formula
carbon backbone
structure
(no H)
stick structure
2­butyne
C­C­C­C­C
Jul 17­10:55 AM
13
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Molecular and Structural formulas
carbons have 4 bonds
Name
molecular formula
structural
formula
carbon backbone
structure
(no H)
stick structure
2­butyne
C­C­C­C­C
Jul 17­10:55 AM
14
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Straight chains are easy
now let's add branches!
1. Find longest chain of C's and give alkane name
2. Find branch group and give name
1C ­ methyl
2C ­ ethyl
3C ­ propyl
3. List the groups alphabetically in front of the longest alkane 4. Number the C's of the longest chain
5. use C number for location of each branch
(use lowest numbers)
2­methyl hexane
3­methyl octane
4­ethyl heptane
6. If you have more than one of the same type of branch,
use di for 2 _,_ dimethyl tri for 3 _,_,_ ­trimethyl
location number of each branch
Use one numbering system
2,4­dimethyl heptane
2,2,3 ­ trimethyl pentane
4­ethyl 3,4 dimethyl nonane
C
C
C­C­C­C­C­C­C­C­C
C C
Jul 17­10:55 AM
15
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Naming and structures of alcohols
an alcohol is a hydrocarbon with an ­OH (hydroxyl group)
1. Name the alkane, drop the "e" and add ­ol
2. Use a number in front of the name to give location of hydroxyl group (­OH)
(number from both ends, use smallest number) Name these:
1­butanol
2­butanol
Give structural formula for methanol
H
H­ C­O­H
H
3­octanol
C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C O­
H
4­decanol
C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C
O­
H
Jul 18­11:59 AM
16
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Review
Draw the carbon backbone and stick structures of:
1) 3­nonyne
2) 3­ethyl 2,3­dimethyl nonane
Name the following structures:
3) 5)
4) 6)
Sep 15­7:35 PM
17
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Review
Draw the carbon backbone and stick structures of:
2) 3­ethyl 2,3­dimethyl nonane
­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C C C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C ­ C C C ­
­ ­ ­
1) 3­nonyne
Name the following structures:
4) 3) 2,3 dimethyl octane
4­ethyl 3,5 dimethyl octane
6)
5)
2,4 dimethyl hexane
Sep 15­7:35 PM
18
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
Review
1. Write the ending for a molecule with all single bonds:
at least 1 double bond:
at least 1 triple bond:
2. Write the 10 organic prefixes (in order)
3. Draw structural formula for propene
4. Draw structural formula for 2,3 diethyl 4­methyl octane
Sep 11­7:24 AM
19
Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
general chemistry
Draw structural formulas:
1) methane
Name these:
6)
2) 4­ethyl­ 2,3­dimethyl heptane
7)
3) ethene
4) 2­hexene
8)
5) Why does hexene need a location number, but ethene does not? Sep 11­10:45 AM
20
Attachments
watch.webloc