Download Intro to Biology/Molecules

Name the 4 macromolecules found in
living things
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, &
nucleic acids
Joining nucleotide subunits together
makes a _______________ molecule
NUCLEIC ACID
Nucleic acids are made by joining
subunits called __________ together.
NUCLEOTIDES
The place on an enzyme where
the substrate bonds and reacts
is called the__________________.
ACTIVE SITE
Give an example of a molecule that
is a polysaccharide
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
Name an atom found in DNA but NOT
carbohydrates or lipids.
NITROGEN OR PHOSPHORUS
Proteins are made by joining subunits
called _______________ together.
AMINO ACIDS
Joining amino acid subunits together
makes a _____________ molecule.
PROTEIN
A molecule made up of only one
sugar molecule is called a ________.
MONOSACCHARIDE
A molecule made up of MANY sugar
molecules joined together is called a
________________.
POLYSACCHARIDE
Give an example of a nucleic acid
DNA
OR
RNA
Name the 3 particles found in an
atom
PROTONS, NEUTRONS, ELECTRONS
Tell the charge on a PROTON
Positive +
Tell the charge on a neutron
No charge (neutral)
Tell where in an atom you would find
the neutrons
in the nucleus
Molecules that are REALLY BIG are
called ___________________
MACROMOLECULES
How many different amino acids
are used by cells to make proteins?
20
People with this disease can’t make
insulin to control their blood sugar.
DIABETES
Tell the charge on an electron
Negative -
Tell where in an atom you would find
the protons
in the nucleus
Tell where in an atom you would find
the electrons
in energy levels outside the nucleus
Molecules that are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of
1 C: 2 H: 1 O are called ________
CARBOHYDRATES
Name the protein hormone that
controls the level of glucose in your
bloodstream.
INSULIN
Name the protein found in red blood
cells that carries oxygen to the body
HEMOGLOBIN
Organisms that can’t make their own
food and get their energy by consuming
other organisms are called __________
HETEROTROPHS/CONSUMERS
Organisms like green plants
that can make their own food are
called _________________
AUTOTROPHS/PRODUCERS
Give an example of an AUTOTROPH
Give an example of a HETEROTROPH
Any green plant, some bacteria
Any animal (humans,too) most bacteria
Another name for a living thing
ORGANISM
Embryonic cells that have the potential
to become ANY kind of cell are called
__________cells.
STEM
The process in which cells in a multicellular organism become different
kinds of cells with different functions
DIFFERENTIATION
A organism made of many cells
is said to be _________________
MULTICELLULAR
Name 5 characteristics shared by
all living things
Made of cells, reproduce, universal
genetic code, uses materials & energy,
homeostasis, grow & develop, respond to
environment, change over time
A protein that acts as a catalyst in
living things to make chemical
reactions happen faster = ?
ENZYME
The sum of all the chemical
reactions that build up or break
down materials in a cell = ?
METABOLISM
An organism made of only one cell
is said to be _________________
UNICELLULAR
Type of reproduction in which offspring
are produced by combining the genetic
material from 2 parents
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Humans are ______________________
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Type of reproduction in which an
offspring is produced from the
genetic material of only one parent
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A small segment of DNA that
carries the code for a single trait
is called a ___________
GENE
Name a nitrogen base (You can’t use
one someone else has already named)
Name a nitrogen base (You can’t use
one someone else has already named)
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine,
or uracil
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine,
or uracil
Name the special nucleotide that has
ribose for its sugar, adenine for
its nitrogen base, & 3 phosphate groups
which stores energy in cells
Insulin causes cells to do something.
What?
ATP
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Plant cells store glucose in the form
of _________________
STARCH
take glucose out of blood and store it
as glycogen
Animal cells store glucose in the
form of ________________
GLYCOGEN
The nucleic acid that stores genetic
information is called ____________
DNA
Name the nucleic acid that is double
stranded and contains thymine
DNA
RNA
The nucleic acid that transfers
information from nucleus to the cell
and helps in protein synthesis is ?
RNA
Name the nitrogen base found in
RNA but not DNA
URACIL
Name the nitrogen base found in DNA
but not RNA
THYMINE
Name the 3 parts that make up
a nucleotide subunit
sugar , phosphate, nitrogen base
Glucose is a ______________
Carbohydrate
Name the nucleic acid that is single
stranded and contains uracil
lipid
nucleic
acid
INSULIN is a _____________
protein
Carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic
acid
HEMOGLOBIN is a ____________
DNA is a _____________
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate lipid
lipid
nucleic
acid
protein
nucleic
acid
protein
protein
RNA is a ___________________
STARCH is a _____________
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic
acid
protein
lipid
nucleic
protein
acid
Maintaining a stable internal
environment in a living thing
HOMEOSTASIS
___________ are the reactant(s)
in an enzyme catalyzed reaction
SUBSTRATE(S)
H2O is the chemical formula for
_________
WATER
Non-polar
The head end of a phospholipid
molecule is ____________
Polar
Non-polar
The head end of a phospholipid
molecule is ____________
Hydrophilic
BIOLOGY
____________ molecules
have an uneven pattern of electric
charge
POLAR
Molecules in which the electric
charge is evenly distributed are
called ____________
NON-POLAR
Water is a __________ molecule
Polar
The science of studying living things
is called ________________
Hydrophobic
LIPID molecules are _______
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
The tails of a phospholipid molecule
are _____________
Polar
Non-polar
The tails of a phospholipid molecule
are _____________
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Tell something phospholipids are
used for in cells.
Make cell membranes
Name an atom or ion important
to living things and give its symbol
The main fuel molecule cells burn for
energy is ____________
GLUCOSE
The chemical symbol for carbon
(You can’t use one someone else has said)
C
Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S
Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+
Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl-
Name an atom or ion important
to living things and give its symbol
The chemical symbol for oxygen
(You can’t use one someone else has said)
O
Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S
Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+
Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl-
Name an atom or ion important
to living things and give its symbol
The chemical symbol for nitrogen
(You can’t use one someone else has said)
N
Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S
Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+
Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl-
The chemical symbol for a sodium ion =?
The chemical symbol for phosphorus
=?
Na+
The chemical symbol for sulfur =?
S
P
The chemical symbol for a
potassium ion =?
K+
The chemical symbol for a calcium ion
=?
Ca++
Cl
Which atom is special to living things
because it can join 4 other atoms at
once to make chains and rings?
Carbon
nucleotide
–
Which molecule is made up of a
glycerol/phosphate head and 2 lipid
tails?
phospholipid
The subunit made up of a carbon
attached to an amino group, carboxyl
group, an H, & an R group is ______
amino
acid
The chemical symbol for a chloride
ion =?
phospholipid
nucleic
acid
This word refers to molecules that want
to stay away from water; it means
“water-fearing”
This word refers to molecules that
want to be near water; it means
“water-loving”
HYDROPHILIC
Polar molecules are ___________
Hydrophilic
hydrophobic
HYDROPHOBIC
Name a molecule made by joining
many glucose molecules together
Macromolecule made of long chains
of carbon and hydrogen atoms with
very few oxygen atoms
glycogen, starch,or cellulose
carbohydrate
Tell something carbohydrates do
in cells
Glucose- fuel; glucose storage;
Make plants sturdy;
Identification of “self”/ blood types
nucleic
acid
lipid
protein
Tell something lipids do in cells
phospholipids/steroids- make cell
membranes;
lipids/fats-store fuel for later;
insulation;
steroids-can be hormones
Tell something proteins do in cells
Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen;
Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells;
Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins;
enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up
chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement;
guide chromosomes apart ; part of ribosomes
. . there are lots more
Tell something proteins do in cells
Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen;
Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells;
Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins;
enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up
chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement
guide chromosomes apart protein synthesis;
part of ribosomes. . . there are lots more
Tell something proteins do in cells
Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen;
Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells;
Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins;
enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up
chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement
guide chromosomes apart protein synthesis;
part of ribosomes. . . there are lots more
Type of MOLECULE found in living
things that contains carbon
ORGANIC
Membrane protein with sugars attached
that helps cells identify “self”
GLYCOPROTEIN
Tell something nucleic acids do in
cells
DNA-store information;
RNA-transfer info from DNA out to
cell; make up ribosomes; protein
synthesis;.
A signal to which an organism
responds = ?
STIMULUS
Collection of living matter enclosed
by a barrier that separates it from
its surroundings; the basic unit
of life
CELL
Place in an atom where the protons
and neutrons can be found
NUCLEUS
Place in an atom where the electrons
can be found
ENERGY LEVELS
Tell what glycoproteins do.
Tell one way DNA is different from
RNA.
Help cells recognize “self”;
transplants;
recognize germs
DNA-double stranded, blood types; organ
An organized way of using evidence to learn
about the natural world is called __________
Process in which organisms as a
group change over time
SCIENCE
Another name for a HETEROTROPH
CONSUMER
Small subunit that can be joined to
others like it to make a polymer
MONOMER
Which ending can often be found at the
end of the names of enzymes?
-ASE
Explain how changes in temperature or
pH can affect enzymes
Denaturing enzymes causes a shape
change which can change the active site
has A,T,C,G, no U; deoxyribose sugar
carries genetic info;
RNA-single stranded;has A,U,G,C, no T
ribose sugar; Transfers info; makes up
ribosomes; protein synthesis
EVOLUTION
Another name for a AUTOTROPH
PRODUCER
Large molecule made by joining
many monomers together
POLYMER
Name one of the factors you learned
about that can change how enzymes
work
pH or TEMPERATURE
What is the word that describes
what happens to proteins in extreme
pH or heat?
DENATURE
Explain what the phrase “Oil and water
don’t mix” has to do with cells.
What determines the amino acid
sequence in a protein?
Polar molecules try to touch/be near other
polar molecules; Hydrophobic molecules
try stay away from polar molecules
nucleotide sequence in DNA code
What determines the 3D folding
a protein?
Substance that speeds up the rateof
of a chemical reaction
Hydrophobic/phobic nature of R groups
an the amino acid chain
CATALYST
Attraction between oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules involving
the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and
the partially charged region of another
Attraction between oppositely
charged regions of nearby molecules
VANDER WAALS FORCES
HYDROGEN BONDS
Element or compound that enters into a
chemical reaction
REACTANT
PRODUCT
Chemical reaction in which molecules are
broken apart by the addition of the H
and OH from a water molecule
HYDROLYSIS
polysaccharides
Chemical reaction in which a molecule
is made by removing an H and OH
to join smaller subunits together
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
All of these molecules are made by joining
smaller subunits using a dehydration synthesis
reaction EXCEPT
proteins
Element or compound produced by a
chemical reaction
lipids
nucleic
acids
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is GLUCOSE?
K
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is a
NUCLEOTIDE?
F
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is a
phospholipid?
I
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which substance is the enzyme in
an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is an amino
acid?
J
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these subunits could be
used to make a protein?
J
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these subunits could be
used to make a nucleic acid?
F
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these pictures shows the
active site on the enzyme in an
enzyme catalyzed reaction?
A
B
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which substance is the substrate in
an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
C
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which picture shows the enzyme-substrate
complex in an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
D
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these pictures shows the
products in an enzyme catalyzed
reaction?
E
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule is a glycoprotein?
H
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule is used by cells to store
and transfer energy?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule is burned for fuel in
cells?
L
K
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule could be used to
make starch, cellulose, or glycogen?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule is used by cells to
identify self ?
K
H
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these pictures could be
called a lipid?
G
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule a nucleic acid?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these pictures is a
monosaccharide?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which molecule has a ratio for
carbon,hydrogen and oxygen atoms
of 1:2:1?
K
K
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is made of
mainly carbon and hydrogen with very
little oxygen?
G
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
In which of these molecules would
you find carbon atoms?
All of them
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules would
expect to find in a cell membrane?
H or I
M
(also G steroids)
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is ATP?
L
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is DNA?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Which of these molecules is glucose?
M
K
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Joining K’s would make a ______
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
Joining J’s would make a _______
protein
protein
polysaccharide lipid
nucleic
acid
polysaccharide
lipid
nucleic
acid
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
If the sugar was deoxyribose,
joining F’s would make a ______
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
If the sugar was ribose,
joining F’s would make a _______
glucose
glucose
glycogen RNA
DNA
protein
glycogen RNA
DNA
protein
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
If F’s were used to make DNA,
which nitrogen base CAN’T be used?
LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET
If F’s were used to make RNA
which nitrogen base CAN’T be used?
adenine thymine guanine cytosine uracil
adenine thymine guanine cytosine uracil