Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name the 4 macromolecules found in living things Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids Joining nucleotide subunits together makes a _______________ molecule NUCLEIC ACID Nucleic acids are made by joining subunits called __________ together. NUCLEOTIDES The place on an enzyme where the substrate bonds and reacts is called the__________________. ACTIVE SITE Give an example of a molecule that is a polysaccharide Starch, glycogen, cellulose Name an atom found in DNA but NOT carbohydrates or lipids. NITROGEN OR PHOSPHORUS Proteins are made by joining subunits called _______________ together. AMINO ACIDS Joining amino acid subunits together makes a _____________ molecule. PROTEIN A molecule made up of only one sugar molecule is called a ________. MONOSACCHARIDE A molecule made up of MANY sugar molecules joined together is called a ________________. POLYSACCHARIDE Give an example of a nucleic acid DNA OR RNA Name the 3 particles found in an atom PROTONS, NEUTRONS, ELECTRONS Tell the charge on a PROTON Positive + Tell the charge on a neutron No charge (neutral) Tell where in an atom you would find the neutrons in the nucleus Molecules that are REALLY BIG are called ___________________ MACROMOLECULES How many different amino acids are used by cells to make proteins? 20 People with this disease can’t make insulin to control their blood sugar. DIABETES Tell the charge on an electron Negative - Tell where in an atom you would find the protons in the nucleus Tell where in an atom you would find the electrons in energy levels outside the nucleus Molecules that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O are called ________ CARBOHYDRATES Name the protein hormone that controls the level of glucose in your bloodstream. INSULIN Name the protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body HEMOGLOBIN Organisms that can’t make their own food and get their energy by consuming other organisms are called __________ HETEROTROPHS/CONSUMERS Organisms like green plants that can make their own food are called _________________ AUTOTROPHS/PRODUCERS Give an example of an AUTOTROPH Give an example of a HETEROTROPH Any green plant, some bacteria Any animal (humans,too) most bacteria Another name for a living thing ORGANISM Embryonic cells that have the potential to become ANY kind of cell are called __________cells. STEM The process in which cells in a multicellular organism become different kinds of cells with different functions DIFFERENTIATION A organism made of many cells is said to be _________________ MULTICELLULAR Name 5 characteristics shared by all living things Made of cells, reproduce, universal genetic code, uses materials & energy, homeostasis, grow & develop, respond to environment, change over time A protein that acts as a catalyst in living things to make chemical reactions happen faster = ? ENZYME The sum of all the chemical reactions that build up or break down materials in a cell = ? METABOLISM An organism made of only one cell is said to be _________________ UNICELLULAR Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic material from 2 parents SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Humans are ______________________ Autotrophs Heterotrophs Type of reproduction in which an offspring is produced from the genetic material of only one parent ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A small segment of DNA that carries the code for a single trait is called a ___________ GENE Name a nitrogen base (You can’t use one someone else has already named) Name a nitrogen base (You can’t use one someone else has already named) Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil Name the special nucleotide that has ribose for its sugar, adenine for its nitrogen base, & 3 phosphate groups which stores energy in cells Insulin causes cells to do something. What? ATP What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid Plant cells store glucose in the form of _________________ STARCH take glucose out of blood and store it as glycogen Animal cells store glucose in the form of ________________ GLYCOGEN The nucleic acid that stores genetic information is called ____________ DNA Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains thymine DNA RNA The nucleic acid that transfers information from nucleus to the cell and helps in protein synthesis is ? RNA Name the nitrogen base found in RNA but not DNA URACIL Name the nitrogen base found in DNA but not RNA THYMINE Name the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide subunit sugar , phosphate, nitrogen base Glucose is a ______________ Carbohydrate Name the nucleic acid that is single stranded and contains uracil lipid nucleic acid INSULIN is a _____________ protein Carbohydrate lipid nucleic acid HEMOGLOBIN is a ____________ DNA is a _____________ Carbohydrate Carbohydrate lipid lipid nucleic acid protein nucleic acid protein protein RNA is a ___________________ STARCH is a _____________ Carbohydrate Carbohydrate lipid nucleic acid protein lipid nucleic protein acid Maintaining a stable internal environment in a living thing HOMEOSTASIS ___________ are the reactant(s) in an enzyme catalyzed reaction SUBSTRATE(S) H2O is the chemical formula for _________ WATER Non-polar The head end of a phospholipid molecule is ____________ Polar Non-polar The head end of a phospholipid molecule is ____________ Hydrophilic BIOLOGY ____________ molecules have an uneven pattern of electric charge POLAR Molecules in which the electric charge is evenly distributed are called ____________ NON-POLAR Water is a __________ molecule Polar The science of studying living things is called ________________ Hydrophobic LIPID molecules are _______ Hydrophilic Hydrophobic The tails of a phospholipid molecule are _____________ Polar Non-polar The tails of a phospholipid molecule are _____________ Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Tell something phospholipids are used for in cells. Make cell membranes Name an atom or ion important to living things and give its symbol The main fuel molecule cells burn for energy is ____________ GLUCOSE The chemical symbol for carbon (You can’t use one someone else has said) C Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+ Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl- Name an atom or ion important to living things and give its symbol The chemical symbol for oxygen (You can’t use one someone else has said) O Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+ Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl- Name an atom or ion important to living things and give its symbol The chemical symbol for nitrogen (You can’t use one someone else has said) N Carbon-C; Nitrogen-N; Oxygen-O; sulfur-S Phosphorus-P; Hydrogen-H; sodium-Na+ Postassium – K+ ; Calcium – Ca++ Chloride – Cl- The chemical symbol for a sodium ion =? The chemical symbol for phosphorus =? Na+ The chemical symbol for sulfur =? S P The chemical symbol for a potassium ion =? K+ The chemical symbol for a calcium ion =? Ca++ Cl Which atom is special to living things because it can join 4 other atoms at once to make chains and rings? Carbon nucleotide – Which molecule is made up of a glycerol/phosphate head and 2 lipid tails? phospholipid The subunit made up of a carbon attached to an amino group, carboxyl group, an H, & an R group is ______ amino acid The chemical symbol for a chloride ion =? phospholipid nucleic acid This word refers to molecules that want to stay away from water; it means “water-fearing” This word refers to molecules that want to be near water; it means “water-loving” HYDROPHILIC Polar molecules are ___________ Hydrophilic hydrophobic HYDROPHOBIC Name a molecule made by joining many glucose molecules together Macromolecule made of long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with very few oxygen atoms glycogen, starch,or cellulose carbohydrate Tell something carbohydrates do in cells Glucose- fuel; glucose storage; Make plants sturdy; Identification of “self”/ blood types nucleic acid lipid protein Tell something lipids do in cells phospholipids/steroids- make cell membranes; lipids/fats-store fuel for later; insulation; steroids-can be hormones Tell something proteins do in cells Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen; Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells; Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins; enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement; guide chromosomes apart ; part of ribosomes . . there are lots more Tell something proteins do in cells Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen; Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells; Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins; enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement guide chromosomes apart protein synthesis; part of ribosomes. . . there are lots more Tell something proteins do in cells Make cell membranes; Hemoglobin-carry oxygen; Insulin- control blood glucose; transport in/out of cells; Act as antibodies; ribosomes- make other proteins; enzymes-make chemical reactions happen; wrap up chromosomes; Glycoproteins-ID “self”; movement guide chromosomes apart protein synthesis; part of ribosomes. . . there are lots more Type of MOLECULE found in living things that contains carbon ORGANIC Membrane protein with sugars attached that helps cells identify “self” GLYCOPROTEIN Tell something nucleic acids do in cells DNA-store information; RNA-transfer info from DNA out to cell; make up ribosomes; protein synthesis;. A signal to which an organism responds = ? STIMULUS Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life CELL Place in an atom where the protons and neutrons can be found NUCLEUS Place in an atom where the electrons can be found ENERGY LEVELS Tell what glycoproteins do. Tell one way DNA is different from RNA. Help cells recognize “self”; transplants; recognize germs DNA-double stranded, blood types; organ An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world is called __________ Process in which organisms as a group change over time SCIENCE Another name for a HETEROTROPH CONSUMER Small subunit that can be joined to others like it to make a polymer MONOMER Which ending can often be found at the end of the names of enzymes? -ASE Explain how changes in temperature or pH can affect enzymes Denaturing enzymes causes a shape change which can change the active site has A,T,C,G, no U; deoxyribose sugar carries genetic info; RNA-single stranded;has A,U,G,C, no T ribose sugar; Transfers info; makes up ribosomes; protein synthesis EVOLUTION Another name for a AUTOTROPH PRODUCER Large molecule made by joining many monomers together POLYMER Name one of the factors you learned about that can change how enzymes work pH or TEMPERATURE What is the word that describes what happens to proteins in extreme pH or heat? DENATURE Explain what the phrase “Oil and water don’t mix” has to do with cells. What determines the amino acid sequence in a protein? Polar molecules try to touch/be near other polar molecules; Hydrophobic molecules try stay away from polar molecules nucleotide sequence in DNA code What determines the 3D folding a protein? Substance that speeds up the rateof of a chemical reaction Hydrophobic/phobic nature of R groups an the amino acid chain CATALYST Attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules involving the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the partially charged region of another Attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules VANDER WAALS FORCES HYDROGEN BONDS Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction REACTANT PRODUCT Chemical reaction in which molecules are broken apart by the addition of the H and OH from a water molecule HYDROLYSIS polysaccharides Chemical reaction in which a molecule is made by removing an H and OH to join smaller subunits together DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS All of these molecules are made by joining smaller subunits using a dehydration synthesis reaction EXCEPT proteins Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction lipids nucleic acids LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is GLUCOSE? K LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is a NUCLEOTIDE? F LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is a phospholipid? I LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which substance is the enzyme in an enzyme catalyzed reaction? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is an amino acid? J LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these subunits could be used to make a protein? J LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these subunits could be used to make a nucleic acid? F LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these pictures shows the active site on the enzyme in an enzyme catalyzed reaction? A B LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which substance is the substrate in an enzyme catalyzed reaction? C LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which picture shows the enzyme-substrate complex in an enzyme catalyzed reaction? D LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these pictures shows the products in an enzyme catalyzed reaction? E LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule is a glycoprotein? H LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule is used by cells to store and transfer energy? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule is burned for fuel in cells? L K LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule could be used to make starch, cellulose, or glycogen? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule is used by cells to identify self ? K H LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these pictures could be called a lipid? G LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule a nucleic acid? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these pictures is a monosaccharide? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which molecule has a ratio for carbon,hydrogen and oxygen atoms of 1:2:1? K K LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is made of mainly carbon and hydrogen with very little oxygen? G LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET In which of these molecules would you find carbon atoms? All of them LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules would expect to find in a cell membrane? H or I M (also G steroids) LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is ATP? L LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is DNA? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Which of these molecules is glucose? M K LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Joining K’s would make a ______ LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET Joining J’s would make a _______ protein protein polysaccharide lipid nucleic acid polysaccharide lipid nucleic acid LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET If the sugar was deoxyribose, joining F’s would make a ______ LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET If the sugar was ribose, joining F’s would make a _______ glucose glucose glycogen RNA DNA protein glycogen RNA DNA protein LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET If F’s were used to make DNA, which nitrogen base CAN’T be used? LOOK AT THE PICTURE SHEET If F’s were used to make RNA which nitrogen base CAN’T be used? adenine thymine guanine cytosine uracil adenine thymine guanine cytosine uracil