Download The Circulatory System - Lesmahagow High School

The Circulatory System
Circulatory System –
Learning Outcomes
State the type of tissue the heart is made of
State the function of the heart
State the number of chambers in the heart
Know how the blood flows in the heart
Explain why one side of the heart is thicker
than the other
• Explain the importance of the coronary artery
• State the function of heart valves
• State the function of the 3 blood vessels
•
•
•
•
•
The Circulatory System
• The circulatory
system in the human
body is made up of
the heart and all
the associated
blood vessels
(tubes that carry
blood around the
body).
The Heart
• Organ which is made out of
muscle tissue known as “cardiac
muscle”.
• Pumps blood around the body
(function).
• Therefore described as a
“muscular pump”
• Your heart beats about 100,000
times in one day and about 35
million times in a year.
• During an average lifetime, the
human heart will beat more than
2.5 billion times.
The Circulatory System
• The circulatory system in the human
body is made up of the ______ and the
________ vessels.
• The heart is an organ made of
________. It ________ blood around
the body. The blood vessels are a
system of _______ that carry blood to
all parts of the body.
• The 3 vessels are ________,
________ and capillaries.
Blood flow through the Heart
• http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/h
eart.swf
Blood flow through the Heart
(TO LUNGS)
(from the
body)
(TO THE BODY)
(from lungs)
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
The heart
has 4
chambers!
Cardiac muscle
The “Double Circulatory” System
1. Deoxygenated
blood is pumped
from the heart to
the lungs
4. The oxygen
leaves the blood
and enters body
cells. Carbon
dioxide enters the
blood and it then
goes back to the
heart
2. The blood
receives oxygen
and is pumped back
to the heart
3. The oxygenated
blood is then
pumped to the rest
of the body
Thickness of heart walls
• The LEFT side is
thicker than the right
side.
• This is because the left
side needs to pump
blood to the whole body
so a greater force is
needed.
• Where as the right side
only needs to pump
blood to the lungs so
less force is needed.
Right
side =
thinner
Left
side =
thicker
Coronary artery
The heart is living tissue (muscle)
therefore it must have its own
supply of oxygen and glucose.
The Coronary artery supplies
the heart muscle with oxygen and
glucose.
Coronary artery
2 minutes – think/pair/share
1. What do people use to listen to the
heart?
2. What sound do you hear?
3. What makes this sound?
WHAT TO DO:
1. Wet some cotton wool with disinfectant and collect a
stethoscope.
2. Use the disinfectant and cotton wool to clean the ear pieces.
3. Use the larger circle and find your heart
• Place it in the centre
• Move it slightly to the left
• Move the larger circle slowly up/down until you hear the
“lub-dub” – this is the sound of your HEART VALVES
Listening to a heartbeat
1. Copy and complete the following table (use a
pulsometer or stopwatch and your fingers or
stethoscope)
Beats in 10 Seconds
Beats per minute
2. Work out how many times your heart beats in 1 hour,
1 day and 1 year.
1 Hour =
1 Day =
1 year =
_______ x 60
Helpful hint under
_______
x 24
here!
_______ x 365
The lower your
pulse rate – the
FITTER YOU
ARE!
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/heart.swf
Where to find the
valves in the heart
The treatment for faulty valves
Mechanical valve
Pig tissue valve
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/heart.swf
Heart Valves
• The heart has 4
valves.
• Valves help to
PREVENT THE
BACKFLOW OF
BLOOD.
• They make sure the
blood flows in one
direction.
Valves are like gates which
open to let blood through and
close to make sure it doesn’t
flow backwards.
Closed
Valves
Open
Valves
The Heart Valves
• There are ______ valves inside the heart
• Each valves ______ to allow ______ to flow in the
correct direction
• The valve ______to stop blood from flowing
backwards in the ______ direction
• Doctors use a _________to listen to a patient’s
heartbeat and check that the ______ are working
normally
• If valves do not work properly, a person would not
be ______ and have less ______ than they need
• Faulty valves can be ________ with artificial ones.
Watch this video!
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips
/anatomy-and-physiology-of-theheart/5367.html
2 minutes – think/pair/share
1. Identify ways in which you can keep
your heart healthy
2. Why do you need to do this?
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips
/heart-function-and-health/1466.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips
/coronary-heart-disease/5700.html
Task
• Copy the title below and use the word
bank to below to explain how and why
you must keep your heart healthy
How to keep your heart
healthy
WORD BANK:
Exercise / salt / blood pressure / high / fatty
foods / build up / narrows / regular / coronary
heart disease / heart attack
Blood vessels
• The blood vessels are tubes which carry blood
around the body.
• They are:
3 types of Blood Vessels
FUNCTION
Description
of wall
Valves
present?
Pulse
present?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Carries blood away
from the heart
Carries blood to
the heart
Site of gas
exchange with
cells
The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The artery has a
pulse
thick muscle and
elastic fibres
the thick muscle can
contract to push
the blood along.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
veins have valves
which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.
thin muscle and
elastic fibres
body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also
squeeze the veins and push the
blood along the vessel.
The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange
materials between the
blood and other body
cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur
through capillaries.
Arteries, Capillaries and Veins
• Arteries have a
thick muscular
wall, veins have a
thin muscular wall
and capillaries are
only 1 cell thick
(VERY thin)
• Veins are the only
vessel to contains
valves
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries carry high pressure
blood away from the heart.
They have smaller lumen and
no valves.
Capillaries have thin walls
(one cell thick) to allow
glucose and oxygen to pass
through. Also used to
connect arteries to veins.
Veins carry low pressure blood back to the
heart. They have thinner, less elastic walls and
have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
3 types of Blood Vessels
FUNCTION
Description
of wall
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Carries blood away
from the heart
Carries blood to
the heart
Exchanges gases and
materials (like glucose)
between blood and
body cells
THICK
muscular
wall
THIN
muscular
wall
VERY THIN
wall - only 1
cell thick
Valves
present?
NO
YES
NO
Pulse
present?
YES
NO
NO
3 blood vessels
Average pulse rates
Age
Pulse (beats per minute)
Newborn
130
3 months
140
6 months
130
1 year
120
2 years
115
3 years
100
4 years
100
6 years
100
8 years
90
12 years
85
Adult
70
Collect graph
paper and turn this
information into a
bar graph
You know it is
BAR graph because
you have one set
of numbers and one
set of words
The words will go
at the bottom
of the graph
0
9 months
6 months
3 months
Newborn
30
20
10
Age (months and years)
Pulse (bpm)