Download State Board 4 pharm/body sytms.

Pharmacology Review .
generzc
Brand
usual dosage range mg/day
Tegretol
Klonopin
Depakote
Zarontin
Neurontin
Lamictal
Luminal
Dilantin
Mysoline
Depakene
200
anti convulsant
carbamazepine
clonazepam
divalproex
ethosuximide
gabapentin
lamotrigine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
primidone
valproic acid
1200
1.5 - 20 1000
4000 750
1500 300
1800 150 - 500 60 - 200 300 - 600 750
2000 1000
4000 anti psychotic
Thorazine
Prolixin
Haldol
Serentil
Compazine
Mellaril
Navane
Stelazine
chlorpromazine
fluphenazine
haloperidol
mesoridazine
prochlorperazine
thioridazine
thiothixene
trifluoperazine
50 - 1500 3 - 45 (1M 25
2 -40 50 5 00 15 - 40 50 400 5 60 30 150 anti psychotic (atypical)
clozapine
olanzapine
quetiapine
risperidone
ziprasidone
Clozaril
Zyprexa
Seroquel
Risperdal
Geodon
300 900 20 400 - 800 4 -16 40 - 200 Symmetrel
Cogentin
Artane
200 - 400
0.5- 8.0
5- 2 0
5
~1JJ:iparkinson
amantadine
benztropine
trihexyphenidyl
anti depressant (tricyclic)
amitriptyline
clomipramine
desipramine
doxepin
imipramine
Elavi.l
Anafranil
Norpramin
Sinequan
Tofranil
150 - 300
150 - 250
75 - 300
150 - 300
75 - 300
~ntid~pressant(SSRl)
fluoxetine
paroxetine
sertraline
Prozac
Paril
Zoloft
20- 80
20-50
50 - 200
anti depressant (MAOn
phenelzine
tranylcypromine
Nardi!
Parnate
30-90
20-60
Wellbutrin
Desyrel
150 - 400
Eskalith, Lithonate
600 - 2400
anti depressant (mise)
bupropion
trazodone
200 -450
anti manic
lithium
100
mgjweek) generic
Brand
single dose range mg
Xanax
Tenormin
BuSpar
Libruim
Catapres
Valium
Benadryl
Vistaril
Ativan
Inderal
0.25 - 2.0
anti anxi~!y
alprazolam
atenolol
buspirone
chlordiazepoxide
clonidine
diazepam
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
lorazepam
propranolol
25 - 100
5 - 20
10 - 50
0.1- 3.0
2-10
25 -100
10 -50
0.5 - 2.0
10 80
sedative - hy:nnotic
Sodium Amytal
Noctec
Dalmane
Halcion
amobarbital
chloral hydrate
flurazepam
triazo]am
65 - 200
250 -1500
IS - 60
0.25 - 0·5
Medication Side effects (a partial list of some of the more common ones)
anti convulsant:
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, vertigo,
ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, blurred or double vision, rash
abnormal liver function, abnormalities in white or red blood cells
e.g. agranulocytosis, leucocytopenia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia
anti psychotic:
mov~m~nt Qlli<2rQ~rs/
abnormal involuntary movements (AIMS) I extra pyramidal
effects (EPS)
parkinsonian effects: difficulty speaking or swallowing, loss of balance
control, pill rolling, mask-like face (flat affect), shuffling gait, rigidity,
tremors, lethargy
dystonia: muscle spasms, hvisting motions, twitching, inability to move
eyes, weakness of arms or legs
tardive dyskinesia: uncontrolled rhythmic movement of mouth, face, and
extremities; lip smacking or puckering, puffing of cheeks, uncontrolled
chewing, rapid or worm-like movements of tongue, writhing movements,
jerky movements
akathisia: restlessness, urgent need to keep moving
paroxysm: abrupt nonpurposeful movements such as tics and twitches
neuroleptic malignant syndrome fever, respiratory distress, tachycardia,
convulsions, diaphoresis, hyper or hypo tension, pallor, fatigue, muscle stiffness,
loss of bladder control
gnticholinergic effects - dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, dilated pupils,
headache, weakness, urinary retention, increased heart rate, decreased sweating,
confusion, memory impairment, attention deficit
se9ation, orthostatic hypotension, photosensitivity
Medication Side effects -continued
anti parkinson:
anticholinergic effects, anxiety, hyper or hypotension
anti depressant:
(tricyclic) anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, heart rhythm
irregularities, photosensitivity, weight gain
GI disturbances nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
(SSRI) anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, dry mouth,
diarrhea, nausea, sexual dysfunction, sweating, pruritis, tremor
(MAOI) dizziness, headache, insomnia, restlessness, weakness, blurred vision,
diarrhea, hypertensive crisis (Parnate cheese reaction)
(mise) agitation, headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, tremor
lithium:
fatigue, headache, impaired memory, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea,
polyuria, tremors, ataxia, acne, arrhythmias
lithium toxicity can occur at doses close to therapeutic levels:
(0.5 - 1.5 mEqJ} therapeutic, 2.0 mEqJl toxic) slurred speech, decreased
coordination, muscular weakness, mental confusion, twitching, vomiting,
coma
anxiolytic
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, confusion, dry
mouth, headache, lethargy, depression, dependence, tolerance
sedative & hypnotic
confusion, dizziness, headache, hangover, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
excessive sedation, dependence, tolerance
PT REVIEW BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS 1. Mr. Johnson, a 68-yr. old man with congestive heart failure, has been. prescribed a low-sodium diet. In instructing him on appropriate food choices, which would the nurse counsel him against eating? a. b. c. d. 2. The PT notes that the postoperative patient has been put on a clear diet.
Which of the following items would not be included?
a. b. c. d. 3. Caesar salad with a spinach frittata
Steak, french fries, and a milkshake
Chicken tettrazini and fresh fruit salad
Chile con carne with garlic bread
The vegetarian presents with anemia, fatigue, and loss of sensation in her
hands and feet. The woman states that she does not eat any meat,
chicken, or fish. The PT, suspecting a vitamin B12 deficiency, asks if she
il1c1udes the following in her diet:
a. b. c. d. 5. Apple juice
Beef broth
Orange juice
Herbal tea
John A is on coumadin therapy, which he takes because he has an
artificial heart valve. Which meal plan would suggest the need for further
teaching about the effects on this medication?
a. b. c. d. 4. Spinach salad
Canned chicken noodle soup
Whole wheat bread
Apples
Green, leafy vegetables
Fresh fruits
Nuts, seeds, and dried fruits
Eggs and milk
The PT is counseling the 58-yr old male whose cholesterol reading was
250. She is instructing him in diet, exercise, and the avoidance of high
cholesterol foods. Which of the following food choices would indicate the
need for further teaching?
a. b. c. d. Pasta primavera
Large salad with lowfat dressing
Turkey sandwich on whole-grain bead
Cheese omelet
PT REVIEW BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS 6. The PT is caring for an overweight 65-yr old man with gout. After
discussion of the need to avoid high-purine foods since they promote uric
acid formation, which comment by the man indicates he has understood
the material?
a. b. c. d. 7. Mary J. has had a gastrectomy because of stomach cancer. In order to prevent anemia, the PT will administer a(n) a. b. c. d. 8. Standard precautions
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
A patient asks how to help protect her infant son from catching her upper­
respiratory infection. The PT replies that the most effective way to prevent
the spread of infections is
a. b. c. d. fa. iron supplement.
folic acid supplement.
list of foods to eat.
vitamin 812 injection.
A patient has been admitted to the hospital with infectious pulmonary
tuberculosis. In order to protect the PT and prevent the spread of
infection, which type of isolation precautions wi!! the nurse use when
caring for him?
a. b. c. d. 9. "I will try to avoid high-carbohydrate and sugary foods."
"I will eat more foods with high fiber such as beans, oatmeal, and
whole grains."
"I will avoid organ meats, alcohol, fat, beans, lentils, and bran."
"I will eat more low-fat protein and vegetables."
coveting the mouth when coughing or sneezing.
using sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and water to clean room
surfaces.
careful hand wasrling.
using disposable tissues and wipes.
The PT has been assigned to care for the patients listed below. For which
patient is it essential that the nurse wear a gown?
a. b. c. d. A patient with measles
A patient with clostridium dificlle.
A patient with pertussis.
A patient wit streptococcal pharyngitis.
PT REVIEW BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS 11. The nursing care plan for a confused client incontinent of urine should include which of the following programs? a. b. c. d. 12. The PT writes a note, and writes 12/240700 before describing her patient's dressing change. Seven a.m. refers to the a. b. c. d. 13. have a PT summarize his plan of care.
review the records pertaining to his/her care.
see lab reports and other data, but not narrative notes.
have the physician explain what is in the chart.
The PT is caring for Mr. Smith, who has advanced lung cancer. He has
been given information about Advance Directives. Which of the following
comments indicates the need for further teaching?
a. b. c. d. 15. time the dressing change was done.
time the note was written.
time the nurse's shift ends.
scheduled time for the dressing change.
The hospitalized patient tells the PT he wants to see his chart. The PT
correctly explains that the "Patient Bill of Rights" gives a patient the right to
a. b. c. d. 14. Fluid restriction.
Bladder training.
Remotivation therapy.
Occupational therapy.
"I don't need Advance Directives. I don't expect to get better."
"I want my nephew to make decisions fro me if I am unable to."
"What if I want them to do everything they can to keep me alive?"
"I want to make a Living Will to specify that I don't want to be
intubated."
The elderly cardiac patient informs the PT that he does not want to "be
hooked up to a bunch of machines", and does not want to have CPR or
other aggressive treatments done to prolong his life. The PT tells him that
the most effective way for him to assure that he Will not have treatments
he doesn't want is to
a. b. c. d. inform the hospital chaplain of his wishes.
inform his primary physician.
discuss the matter with his family.
prepare a Living Will.
PT REVIEW BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS 16. The PT -orientee asks if she may hang intravenous fluids or insert lVs after
she finishes her orientation. Her preceptor replies that her scope of
practice is determined by hospital policy as well as the
a. b. c. d. 17. In caring for a client with cerebral palsy, the PT should plan to institute all
of the following EXCEPT
a. b. c. d. 18. c. d. discard the page with the incorrect entry and rewrite the notes.
move the page to the correct chart an change the patient's name
on the top.
cross out the wrong entry several times so that it cannot be read.
draw a line throughout the incorrect entry and initial it.
When filling out an incident report, it may be helpful for the PT to
remember that the primary purpose of an incident report is to
a. b. c. d. 20. frequent suctioning.
assessing pupil size.
adimistration of oxygen.
seizure precautions.
The PT has written his nursing note on the wrong patient's chart. It is one
of the first entries on a new page. The best way for him to correct this is
to
a. b. 19. state's Psychiatric Technician Practice Act.
PI's association charter.
medical association guidelines for practice.
Patient's Bill of Rights
identify employees who make frequent errors.
help lawyers defend the hospital against malpractice.
prevent future incidents by identifying high risk practices.
keep accurate records on patients prone to accidents.
The patient who has been treated in the hospital for pneumonia has
decided to leave the hospital even though she has not been discharged.
The most important obligation of the PT or other medical provider is to
a. b. c. d. attempt to convince the patient to remain in the hospital.
notify d:scharge plann'ng.
advise the patient of the risks of their decision.
inform the next of kin.
PT REVIEW NURSING PROCEDURES 1. The PT needs to perform the following procedures on her elderly patient. For
which procedure is it essential that she use surgical asepsis?
a. b. c. d. 2. The PT must obtain a clean catch urine specimen. She is responsible for all EXCEPT a. b. c. d. 3. Putting on stenle gloves.
Opening the side flaps of the sterile pack
Opening the flap of the sterile pack which is closest to the nurse
Opining the outermost flap of the sterile pack
The PT documents the characteristics of wound drainage after she changes the
dressing. She includes all of the following observations EXCEPT
a. b. c. d. 5. Instructing the client in the proper technique to obtain a clean catch
specimen.
Determining if the test is necessary.
Preventing contamination of the specimen.
Labeling the specimen and sending it to the lab.
The PT is preparing to catheterize her patient prior to surgery. After gathering all
of the necessary equipment, the PT begins to open the sterile pack containing
the catheter set. Which of these steps should be taken first when implementing
this aseptic procedure?
a. b. c. d. 4. Intramuscular injection
Removal of an indwelling catheter
Colostomy Irrigation
Gastric tube feeding
color.
amount.
odor.
temperature.
The PT knows to maintain medical asepsis (clean technique) when performing
the following procedure:
a. b. c. d. Insertion of an IV catheter.
Endotracheal suctioning
Gastric tube feeding
Foley catheter insertion
PT REVIEW NURSING PROCEDURES 6. Ann Taylor has just been transferred to her p9tpartum room after delivering a
stillborn infant. Her husband is with her, and they ask if they may see the baby.
Which is the best response by the PT?
a. b. c. d. 7. The PT is caring for a 62-year-old woman who is dying of gastric cancer. The
woman's daughter tells the nurse that they do not want her told that she is dying
because she "would not be able to handle it." The PT is concerned that this
approach will hurt the family because
a. b. c. d. S. the older woman might learn the truth from someone else and feel
betrayed.
she might not be as cooperative with the medical plans if she feels it is
useless.
it prevents open discussion about what is happening to the dying woman
and her loved ones and doesn't allow her to express her feelings.
it is difficult to conceal the truth from someone who knows you well.
The doctor has ordered a urinalysis and C-S on a patient in your care. She has
an indwelling Foley catheter to bedside drainage. The best way to obtain the
specimen is to:
a. b. c. d. 9. Offer to bring them a Polaroid picture of the infant
Bring them a hospital bereavement package - a lock of hair, ID bands,
footprints, and other keepsakes
Suggest that it would be best not to see the baby, since they don't want to
remember him that way
Bring the baby to the parents and allow them to spend time alone with
him
open the port on the holding bag and obtain approximately 100cc to use
for both tests.
separate the catheter from the drainage bag tubing and drain only from
the catheter.
empty the collecting bag and collect the next 1OOcc that drains into the
bag.
use a sterile needle and withdraw urine through the rubber port on the
drainage tubing.
Which of the following sets of vital signs are within the normal range for an adult?
a. b. c. d. BP SalSa, P 110, R 32.
BP 110/S0, P 56, R 20
BP120/70,P6S,R16
BP 130/90, P 72, R 24
2
PT REVIEW NURSING PROCEDURES 10. The MOST appropriate method for assessing the temperature of a client on seizure precaution is a. b. c. d. 11. The correct area to assess the apical pulse is
a. b. c. d. 12. nipple line and the sternal notch.
fourth and fifth intercostal spaces, midaxillary line.
fourth and fifth intercostal spaces, midclavicular line.
second and third intercostal spaces, midsternal line.
Elevating the foot of the bed with the knee gatch and pillows.
Applying Ace bandages from ankle to thigh.
Instructing the patient to flex and point his toes every 2 hours.
Massaging the patient's legs, except for the calf area, several times a
day.
Monitor the client's temperature.
Observe the client for arrhythmias.
Check the extremities for pulses.
Encourage coughing and deep breathing.
The PT knows the primary purpose of an ear irrigation is to
a. b. c. d. 15. the
the
the
the
Which of the following nursing measures would be MOST important immediately
following cardiac catheterization?
a. b. c. d. 14. between
between
between
between
Which of the following nursing measures would be MOST effective for preventing
thrombophlebitis for a patient while on bedrest?
a. b. c. d
13. oral.
axillary.
rectal.
electronic.
test for labyrinth function.
facilitated surgery on the external ear.
remove impacted cerumen.
apply heat to the tissues of the ear canal.
A patient scheduled for laryngectomy undergoes laryngoscopy pre-operatively.
Which of the following activities is contraindicated immediately after this
procedure?
a. b. c. d. Talking.
Coughing.
Taking fluids orally.
Moving about in bed.
PT REVIEW NURSING PROCEDURES 16. The nurse suctions a client via his tracheostomy. When performing this
procedure, in which of the following positions should the client's head be placed
in order to clear his right bronchus of debris?
a. b. c. d. 17. water.
mineral oil.
hydrogen peroxide.
K-Y jelly.
have the client drink several glasses of water.
instill 5 cc of sterile saline into the client's tracheostomy.
administer chest percussion and vibration for several minutes.
reposition the client frequently.
The outer cannula of a client's tracheostomy tube is aCCidentally expelled Which
of these actions should the nurse take FIRST?
a. b. c. d. 20. head turned to the left.
head turned to the right.
head tilted froward toward his chest.
head tilted backward even with his shoulders.
To help decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions before suctioning a tracheostomy, the PT should a. b. c. d. 19. client's
client's
client's
client's
The PT should lubricated catheter used to suction a client's tracheostomy with sterile a. b. c. d. 18. The
The
The
The
Get a physician immediately.
Cut the tracheostomy neck ties.
Insert the emergency outer tube that is taped to the head of the bed.
Put on the emergency call bell, then dilate the stoma until assistance
arrives.
The PT should instruct a patient undergoing nasal surgery not to blow his nose
after surgery because
a. it increases intercranial pressure.
b. it decreases the patient's oxygen supply.
c. it encourages bruising and edema.
d. it may cause a fracture.
4
PTREVI W NElJROLOGIC SYSTE~1
The PT answers a cal! bell and finds a frightened mother whose child. the is having 3 seizure. Which of
actions
Id the nurse take'! 1. a. b. c. 2. TIle PT should insen a padded
blade in the patient's mouth to
prevent the child from swallowing or choking on his tongue.
The PT should help the mother restrain the child to prevent him
injuring himself
The PT should PT should
the client The PT admits a patient who
intracranial pressure. Which
help this patient'l
[t. b. d. a. 0. c. d. inj ury and is at risk for'
followir:g interventions will
a clear nasal discharge
suction the
to prevent coughing or
discllss administering an antihistamine to promote
test the discharge
agd inform the RN or
encourage the client to blow his l'.ose
The PT is assigned to report
sign of increased intracranial
patient. Wbat would most likely be the first sign of this';
a.
b. c. d. to
the Glasgow
es to assess level of conSClOllsness hourly
Assess pupi Is
movement
response to light Administer acetaminophen C] 3-4 hours for lleadache Elevate the head
appro\.imately 30 degrees
client with a head' 4. stimuli
a
VVl
conSCIOLlSl1eSS
011
this
5. patient the ER was in a car accident and. while not seriously inj
is
of the
or [
sympathetic nervous system response.
exhibiting
The
knows to expect
findings:
a. b. c. d. 6. Sarah J. is admitted to the l:nit
a CV A that damaged the
brain. The nurse knows to position her a. b. c. d. 7. bradycardia
cold hands
pinpol!1t pupils diarrhea
diarrhea
side ofber on her
side with the head of the bed slightly elevated
on her left side with
head
the bed slightly elevated
in
prone position
supine with the bed in trendelenberg
The PT working in a college health center aim young woman who complains
a severe headache. fever. and neck sti
Her care is
on the
these symptoms are characteristic of
knowledge
a. 1~10nonuc
b. men111gJtls
s
c.
d. 8. Asian f1u
The PT bappens to be at
scene of an accident where an unconscious man who
is not breathing is lying next to a ladder. Suspecting a possible neck' ury. the
PT initiates rescue breathing
the following maneuver:
a.
b. c. d.
head tilt
breathing through nose
sweep
mouth
9. elderly male patient has Parkinson'5 disease. fie
been
on !evodopa
(L-Dopa)
mg bid. Which of the following observations would indicate
medication was having
desired effect?
a.
b.
c.
d,
10,
patient is able to walk to the bathroom
patient's sister states that
is more cheerful
The patient exhibits a decrease in rigidity of movement
The patient is able to eat soft food
PT is assisting the physician
the patient
a.
b,
c.
d,
a
lying prone with her arms extended
leaning over the
the bed
on her side with her knees
up
on
hands and knees
tremors
puncture. She helps to position
\0
her chest
PTREVIEW SENSORY SYSTElVl 1. The PT is assessing a patient with cataracts. She \\ould expect the patient to helVe
had all ortlle follO\ving symptoms EXCEPT:
a. b. c. d. J
blurred vision that has
getting progressively worse
difficulty \vith glare and seeing in bright light
a persistent. dull
pam
Intact peripheral vision
The PT is providing preventive health teachi to the adult group and explains that glaucoma is the most preventable caLIse of blindness. She describes the the follov"ing EXCEPT: symptoms. which include a!l
a. b. c. d. gradually decreasing peripheral vision
A persistent duJ! ache in the eyes.
Seei halos around I
Decreased accol1lll1odatio:l to near
The patient receiving treatment
getting instructions from the
need for further teaching')
a. b. c. d, 4. g!auCOl1lJ with the miotic agent pilocarpine is
Which comment by the patient indicates the
"It will
great to be able to see more clearly now.
need these eyedrops for the rest of Illy life"
These drops will 100ver the pressure inside my
"I will take an antiemetic to prevent \olllit:ng. which increases intraocular
pressure.
"j ,v,'ili
The PT is teaching an elderly man with diminished viSIon and is
him
independence. The include all of
suggestions about 110\1, to maintain safe!:the following EXCEPT:
a. b. c. d. putting medications ill different-shaped containers to tel] them apart
using :elephones that h2\\ e programmed. automatic dial!
llsing a microwave ovell for cooking
that it is
not to c1ange al1\ Llrnishi:1g. the
0"
rugs.
SInce you know where everything is.
5. The elderly man is
Which comment ind
a. b. c. d. 6. instructions
the PT about he'ari
'J
the need for further
care.
"Jt will be nice to be able to
111) grandchildren when we go
s\Vlmml
"When I'm not using it. I'll take
battery out and turn it
"I'll clean the
hole \\ith a toothpick or pipe cJeaner.'·
"I need to keep extra
on hand."
The PT is
a patient who l1as just been tested for visual acuity and was
told his vision v.,as
The patient
\vhat this means, and
PT ansvvers.
a. b. c. d. "You can see approximately 2/5 as well as the normal person."
can see at tv,ent\
\\hat a person \\ith normal vision can see al
fifty
"Your vision is the same as thill a [wenty-year-old man. even tilOugh
you are fi
feel what a person with norma: vision can see at
"You can see at
twenty feet."
PT REVIEW RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. Paula is admitted to the unit with pulmonary emphysema. You know that
the oxygen must be delivered
a. b. c. d. by a mask that will maintain a high 02 concentration.
at 1OLlminute or more.
only at night.
in low concentrations.
Which of the following factors, noted in a child's history, would MOST
likely be significant in terms of precipitating an asthma attack?
a. b. c. d. 3. A 55-yr old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPO) is
admitted to the hospital. Which of the following factors noted in the
admitting history is probably related to his development of COPO?
a. b. c. d. 4. He smoked for more than 30 years.
He worked in an orchard for 20 years.
he drinks four cans of beer a day.
he has had pancreatitis four times.
Which of the following signs or symptoms would the
exhibit if he is hypoxic?
a. b. c. d. 5. he slept on a new pillow last night.
he exercises moderately three times a week.
He takes vitamin supplements.
He is allergic to shrimp.
expect a client to
Cool, bluish skin.
Abnormal blood gases.
Elevated temperature.
Increased sputum production.
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is drowsy
and is unable to cough up his secretions. The PT should
a. b. c. d. force fluids to liquefy secretions.
administer high-flow oxygen via mask.
perform nasotracheal suction.
perform postural drainage.
PT REVIEW
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
6. Blood gas results on a patient with emphysema indicated severe hypoxia.
Oxygen therapy is ordered. Which of the following methods of oxygen
administration will MOST likely be used?
a. b. c. d. 7. A patient started on rifampin and isoniazid. Which of the following explanations concerning these medications is MOST appropriate for the PT to give? a. b. c. d. 8. suction every hour.
clean the inner cannula after suctioning.
clean the sited every 4 hours.
hyperextend the client's neck to maintain patency.
Tuberculosis is caused by
a. b. c. d. 10. "You will have to take these medicines for the rest of your life."
"You must isolate yourself from your family while on this medicine."
"you will have to take this medicine for about a year."
"You will need to take this medicine only when you have
symptoms."
A client requires an emergency tracheostomy. In caring for the
tracheostomy, the PT should
a. b. c. d. 9. Face mask with reservoir.
Face mask without reservoir.
Nasal cannula.
Venturi mask.
a virus.
poor sanitation.
poor nutrition.
a bacterium.
Which of the following organs is MOST commoonly affected in patients
with cystic fibrosis?
a. b. c. d. Thyroid.
Pancreas.
AdrEITials.
Ovary.
CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS
1. lvIr. Graham is scheduled for an ECG. The best way to describe this
test to him .
a. It won't hurt and just be very still.
b. It is a test that measures the electrical activity of your heart.
c. It is a diagnostic procedure that will record impulses from the
SA node through the electrical pathway throughout the cardiac
tissue.
d. It is a necessary test that will help the doctor determine how to
take care of your heart.
2. Two ways to increase oxygenation to the myocardium are by administering a. Nitroglycerin and providing nasal 02
b. 02 and performing CPR
c. Digoxin
d. 02 through a venti mask and administering lidocaine
3. Fluid retention has become a problem for a patient with coronary
artery disease. What is the best information to include in a teaching
plan for this patient.
a. Take a walk for 10 minutes every day
b. Report any chest pain to the doctor immediately
c. Take your diuretic on schedule and eat a banana every day
d. Don't drink any water during meals
4. Peripheral vascular disease is most common in patients with
a. An aneurysm
b. Viral pneumonia
c. Leukemia
d. Diabetes Mellitus
The health care provider is preparing to teach a patient with angina
who is taking nitroglycerin. \Nhich of the following points should not
be included in the instnlction?
a. Nitroglycerin should be kept in a clear plastic or glass container
b. Modification of risk factors such as obesity and smoking
c. Prophylactic use of nitroglycerin
d. Identifying factors that precipitate angina
6. The ill Team is planning a diet for a patient on digitalis and lasix.
What foods would be included in the meal plan?
a. bananas, orange juice, tomatoes, and potatoes
b. milk, cheese, and yo gurt
c. beef, pork, and lamb
d. fish, chicken, beans and soy products
7. A 55 year old female was admitted to the unit exhibiting right sided
hemiplegia, expressive aphasia, and history of hypertension. The
physician has not diagnosed the patient. Based on the symptoms the
health care provider could assume the patient has a diagnosis of:
a. Ruptured aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Cerebrovascular accident
d. Buerger's disease
8. You walk into a patient's sleeping area and find the patient
unresponsive. You go and call 911. VI'hen you return to the patient
your next step will be:
a. attach the AED
.
b. provide 5 abdominal thru§ts~;0;
c. insert a breathing tube
d. open the airway and look, listen, and feel for breathing
9. The adult chain of survival includes all of the following
a. early defibrillation
b. early advanced care
c. early CPR
d. early cardiac dnlgs
ex~ept:
I
10. You are canng for a patient that is 3 days post heart attackand is
being discharged. When teaching the patient about risk factors for
coronary artery disease, the health care provider should discuss:
a. factors that contribute to hY'Perlipidemia
b. turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises
.
.,
c. a VIgorous JQggmg program
d. hy'Potension regulation
PTREVIEW HEMATOLOGIC I. .-\ post-surgIcal patient has a platelet count of 5.000. The PT should carefully
monitor the patient for symptoms of
a. b. c. d. I
b. c. d. Lkmoglobin-16 gram per deciliter
\\:hitc blood
Is-30.000 per cubic millimeter
PIJtelets-:200.000 per cubic millimeter
Glucosc-120 milligrams per 100 milliliters
The !yr has just finished gl\'ing: an intramuscular injection to a patient. In order to
prc\ent an accidenwl puncture from a contaminated needle. the !Jest Qction for [he
PT \\Duld he 10
a. b. c. d.
-L "
The PT is re\'iewing the patient's laboratory values. Which of the following \\ould indicate that the patient probable has some type of infection? 8. .3. phlebitis
bleeding
infection
neuropathy
reGlp tnc needle and dispose of it In the si18rps container
do not'recap the needle and dispose of it in sharps container
break the needle 8nd deposit it in the hazardous waste container
not break the needle and deposit it in the hazardous waste container
The PT is h:=lping Sally. u young woman with Systemic Lupus Erythremuto::ius.
prepare for discharge and is giving her instructions for self-care. All of the
foilo\\i suggestions are correct EXCEPT
~1. b. c. d. "Stay out of the sun as much as possible"
"Call the doctor if you have any symptoms of decreased urine output or
"It i::i important that you
not J.bruptly stop taking your prednisone."
"\'ou must be cmeful to LIse YOllr own toilet articles so you will not infect
others"
). WhiC::1 comment by the A.IDs patient indicates the :reed for further teaching"
a. b. c. d. I must ~1me gotten infected when I used IV drugs and \\ollid share needles
rm afrilid to touch my granddaughter for fear I might g;\I:; it to 11er
It is important to :'emembe:' that HIV may be transrnirred through se:;ual
colltact
I \\ill nor be able to donate blood or body organs in the future
PT REVIEW ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1. clinic PT is evaluating a man \\earing a diabetic medic alert band. who
appears confused. with hoI. dry. tlushed skin. His respirations are
and fast.
he is nauseated. His breath smells fruity. The nurse recognizes thaI
and he
he need immediate care because he has the following diabetes-related condition:
a. b. c. d. Ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemia
"Jeurupathy
RClinopath)
The breakfast [my:; are dela) cd. ~li1d the di~lhelic. \\ho eecel\er her insulill an hour
Is the PT that
1::i l'eelin~ ::i\\e:.H:. :ohQk~.
lhal she.' l'ee:
sensation on her
al1d around her mOLlth. The nurse quick!)
her
a. a glass of or:mge juice
b. Q supplemental dose
coffee
pectl1Ul butler
c. (1. 3. The PT is nforcing the importance of proper foot core 10 the elderl) diabetic.
The v,oman states that they surely must Ilel\e something more important to
discLiss. The PT correctly replies.
c. d. 4. insulin
lit' hygiene is ah\ay:: important."
"FOOl care as \\ell as Jll\ uther
"We call skip this it\()u prefer."
":\11
just remember thZll you \\ill
more prone 10 foot odor."
"Diabetics can easily de\eil)p Se\erl' fOOl injLlJ') or infection \\irhollt
knc)\\ing it."
The PT is drClv..ing blood from the diabetic patient for a glycosolated hemoglobin
res:. She ex
10 the \\0111i111 lh;}t the test is used to determine
u. b. c. d. \\ed.
the higi1esl glucose je\ el in
her insulin le\el
glucose levels O\er the past foul' months
her Llsualfasting glucose Ie\e l
:5.
'-.
Mrs. Stevenson has been ciiaf!l1osed \vith Graves' disease. or hvperthvroidislll,
.. .
The PT 'vvauld expect \vhich findings on assessment?
J.
b.
c.
d.
~
decre:Jsed level of consciousness. irregular breathing. and hypenensiull
dry skin. sensiri\it) to cold. weight gain. and decreased pulse pressure
weight loss. increased acti\ir y.
'\ity to heat and tachycardia
Diaphoresis tlushed skin, extreme
decrease heart rate.
PT REVIEW GASTROINTESTINAL 1. The newly admitted patient has just had colon surgery.
action important to this patient's care is a. b. c. d. 2. obtaining a stool specimen
maintaining the suction on the NG tube, which provides gastric
decompression
taking the patients VS 30 minutes after he returns to his room
offering a bedpan immediately after the patient is in bed
Tamika C., a 23 year-old one-day postoperative cholecystectomy
patient, is to be kept NPO until she
a. b. c. d. 3. A nursing voids a minimum of 200cc
has a gag reflex
has active bowel sounds and IS passing flatus
is alert and oriented and has been out of bed to the chair
Elizabeth has been experiencing constipation after a hip fracture.
know that her problem is a result of immobility, decrease in fluid
intake, and a lack of interest in her food. What nursing measure
would NOT help relieve her constipation!
a. b. c. d. You
increase the attractiveness of high fiber foods and offer drinks
that are appealing to her
provide mild stool softeners that have been ordered for her
make sure that she has sufficient high quality protein in her diet
offer her the bedpan each day at the same time to establish a
pattern
4. A patient. diagnosed with pancreatitis is admitted to your unit. His
wife states that he likes to drink beer at night when he watc
TV.
An astute PT would include which of the following in her plan of care
for this patient7
a. b,
c. d. 5. The PT was instructing the woman who suffered from Crohn's disease
in a high-calorie, high-protein, low residue diet. The woman seemed
to understand the teaching and I
foods that she should avoid,
incl uding all of the following EXCEPT
a. b. c. d. 6. raw vegetables
whole grain breads and cereal
popcorn
sponge cake
The PT is caring for Mr. Beecham, who suffers from peptic ulcer
d
se. One of her most important nursing responsibilities is to
assess for signs of hemorrhage, which Include all of the following
EXC
a. b. c. d. 7. ask his physician if he can approve an order for his wife to bring
beer for the patient check his urinary output hold all pain medication
monitor him for symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
melena
hematemesis
rigid abdominal muscles
tachycardia
The PT is admitting a patient with acute abdominal pain of unknown
etiology. In caring for this patient, she must never
a. b. c.
d,
give the patient something to eat or drink
change the patient's position
apply cold packs assess bowel sounds 8. The PT works with elderly long-term care patients who are at risk for
constipation. Which of the following interventions would be least
effective in the prevention and treatment of this problem?
a. b. c. d. 9. The PT is caring for an elderly patient suffering from diarrhea. When
caring for the patient, which assessment should receive priority in his
care'l
a. b. c. d. 10. increasing fluid intake
increasing dietary fiber
use of stimulant laxatives
use of bulk-forming laxat
auscultation of bowel wounds
dietary history
urinary output
stool guiac
In caring for a patient with peptic ulcer who is at risk for hemorrhage,
the nurse must be alert for early signs of hypovolemic shock, which
include
a. b. c. d. pale, clammy skin and decreased blood pressure
bradycardia and irregular respirations
tachycardia and increased blood pressure
Incre
pulse rate and decreased urine output
PTREVIEW GENITOURINARY 1,
PT is treating
incontinent patier:ts who have
catheterized on the
ward of the hospital. She is aware
one of the most common sites of
a nosocomial infection is
urinary tract.
order to minimize the possibility of
her patients acquiring a urinary tract infection, the nurse is careful to
a,
b,
c.
d.
2. wear
when handling
catheter
irrigate the catbeter daily
empty the collection bag several
a shift
use strict aseptic teclmique \vhen inserting a Foley catheter
56 year-old female patient states that
is having problems holding her
llr1l1e.
PI's assessment
take il~to consideration possible causes of
incontinence
include all of
following
a. b. c. d. un nary tract infection
neurogemc
due to diabetes
relaxation of pelvic n~Llsculature
excessi ve tluid in take
3.
In a report you learn that Mrs. Watson has
determining that no physiological problem exists. the
incontinence would be
a. b. c
d. incontinent of urine. After
way to prevent her
the clinical assistant whenever she feel
the call bell
To tell her to
the need to void,
might cause her
Put a brief on her to prevent "accideEts"
embarrassment
Insert a Foley catheter
commode
2 hours
Offer her the
pan or assist
to
4.
must
is concern that Mrs. Thompson is retaining fluid. How much urine output
patient have per day to be considered within 110rmallimits?
a. b. c. d. 1200-1500cc
1750-2250cc
5000-10,000cc
300-750cc
of the urine C&S on a
reason for
an indwelling Foley are infection. What is the most infection?
a. transmission from another patient
b. c. l~sing
a PI failing to wash her
~1ands
d. 6. A
injuring the uretlu'al tissue
the \\Tong size Foley catheter
the collecting bag above the
reflux of urine into the bladder due to
level of the bladder
transported to xray.
The patient caught a cold while
who you discharged from your
8 pounds. You know he has Lasix
ordered. You
a.
b.
c.
d.
tell him to
Weigh him at the same time
the accuracy
Make an appointment with his
Start exercising more frequently
Have him call 911 for transport to
7.
Mr.
has glomeruloneplu'itis and is
that he is at risk for
a. b. c.
d. calls and tells you he
he states he is taking as
fluid overload
hypokalemia
urea nitrogen decrease
hyponatremia
wearing similar or no clothes to
is reponing.
to evaluate the situation
room
about his diet. You explain
PT REVIEW REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1. Melanie, a 25 yr. old woman, who is being treated with Zoloft for
depression, tells the nurse that she has not been enjoying sex as much as
she had before taking the drug. Aware of the side effects of this
medication, the PT replies that SSRI antidepressants as well as some of
the followirig types of drugs can affect sexual function in men and women.
All of the following medications may have this effect EXCEPT
a. b. c. d. 2. antihypertensives
phenothiazines.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
anti-psychotic medications.
Adele Franklin, an 80-yr. old woman, in the hospital for a broken hip, has
had a longstanding problem with urinary retention. Which of the following
assessments would the PT be sure to include when she checks this
patient?
a. b. c. d. Ask her if she has problems with frequency, urgency, or burning
with urination.
Assess the color of her urinary output.
Determine the specific gravity of her urine.
Ask about her bowel habits.
.'.-~"
PTREVIEW· GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT I. A -+8 :e~lr-old mother delivers a baby-girl \vith a tranS\-efse palmar creClse. e:\cess
skin folds at the back of the neck and a protruding tongue. The PT realizes that
this infant is likely to have
Cl. b. c. d. mongolian spots
a chromosome disorder
telJngiectatic ne\'i
Duane' s syndrome
The young mother tells the PT that she is concerned Clbout the safety of her .15
month-old son. \\"110 seems to be "getting into everything" and needs to be
watched constantly. The PT responds that the most impoI1ant consideration in
accident j1rT\ention \\ith toddlers is
a. b. c. d. 3. The PT is ~lssessing J 9 month-old bov for a \Veil-baby check up. Which ot"the
follO\\ing lJosen:.ltiol1s \\ould be of most concern?
J. b. c. d. .f. teaching them the meaning of "no"
buying only age-appropriClte toys
not allo\\ing them to play with dangerous items
ensuring Cl safe em ironment by childprootlng
the
the
the
thL'
bClb\. cannot sav. "mama" when he \vants his mother
mother has not given him finger foods
child does not sit unsupported
baby cries \vhene\'er the mother goes out
The ne\\ mother asks the PT \vhetl1er or not she should pick up'the baby when he
cries. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. the PTs most
appropriate reply should take into consideration his developmental task. which is
a. b. c. d. tl'ust \s. mistrust
intimac\ \s. isolation
:.1utonom\ \·s. doubt and shame
idelltit\ \s. Role confusion
PTREVIEW IN'TEGUMEN'TARY 1. After changing the incision dressing on his elderly patient. the PT reports the following findings. Which is no! consistent with the presence of an infection? a.
b. c. d. 2. The PT gives the elderly male patient meticulous
care and is careful to turn
and reposition him every two ilOurS.
PT includes a discussion of why elderly.
skin changes require extra precautions to t h e ' s daughter during a visit. All
of the following contribute to skin breakdown in the elderly EXCEPT
a. b. c.
d,
3. observed on the ski;l surrounding the i:1Cision
skin warmt 11 It aroLlnd the incision
patient reporting increased 1ncisional pain
patient complaining of nausea
the skin becomes increasingly tl'agile
transparent
oil and sweat glands become
active
subcutaneous tissue decreases and bruising is increased the skin becomes more
b to al Mr. Bummel's hematology reports indicate that he is thrombocytopenic. Which
of the following symptoms might the nurse observe during the assessment?
a. b. c. d. beadache and hypertension
ecdlymosis and hypertension
purpura and petechiae
enlarged lymph nodes
Miss Cope is on bed rest and
developed a reddened are on her buttocks.
4.
Which of the following would be the most effective nursing intervention.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sit her on a pilloV'\'
IJ1crease
fluid intake
turn and position her at least every :2 hours
get her bed rest order changed.
5. The most important
a. b. c. d. a burn victim is:
when
maintaining a sterile
to prevent infection
a patent airway and determining the extent of the injury
fluid and electrolyte losses and determining replacement therapy
Determining circulation to burned extremities
may need
escharotomies.
6.
Marcia, a Haitian woman. has been complaining of chronic fatigue. You want to
assess her
so the
place for you to check is
a.
b.
c.
d.
sclera
1111JCOUS
mem branes
mouth
toenail
scalp
7.
The PT knows
when caring
patients like Mr. Lee. who are in traction. the
PT must work to prevent complications
ting fj'om immobility and
rest. She
includes alJ
following interventions in her care EXC
a. b.
c. d. turn and position
patient q 2 hours
fluid and fiber intake
monitor CPK and other muscle enzymes
have patient perform range of motion exercises
8.
Frank. a patient with shingles (herpes zoster). asks the PI ifhis disorder is
contagious to others.
correctly
a.
b.
c. d. except for persons who are immunocompromised."
any person who comes in contact with you is susceptible to
infection."
Yes. those W;10 have a compromised immune system and/or those who are
not immune
a previous infection with varicella (chicken pox) can be
9.
young man was
for skin cancer at
clinic. He was very
that his form of skin cancer is
likely to
and the PT reassured
metastasize. although he should continue to monitor his skin carefully and stay out of the
sun. The man's cancer is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
10.
'"
'On
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
teratoma
noma
basal cell
While assessing a
PTvthematous base.
a.
b.
c.
d.
shingles
a cold sore
psonasls
genital herpes
the PT notes that
:owing d:sorders
are clustered vesicles
this de-finitely NOT
MUSCULOSKELETAL
QUESTIONS
,
1. You as the health care provider is caring for a patient with a total hip
replacement and places a pillow between her knees. The purpose of
this intervention is to prevent
a. abduction
b. adduction
c. flexion
d. rotation
2. The nursing home patient has severe rheumatoid arthritis. The health
care provider knows to expect all of the following findings except
a. symmetrical joint pain
b.
pain that is worse in the morning than later in the day
c,
swelling of the small joints
d. asymmetrical joint pain
3. The health care provider who works on an orthopedic unit, finds that
hip fractures typically occur in older patients who suffer from
a. Paget's disease
b.
osteoarthritis c,
osetoporosis d,
osteomyelitis 4. Mrs. Smith, an ovenveight middle aged woman with osteoarthritis of
the knee, asks you (the health care provider) what would help her to
reduce the pain, You reply that the most effective intervention for her
would be
a. antispasmodics to decrease muscle spasms
b. regular program of weight bearing exercise
c. steroid injections
d. weight loss
5. •
•
The health care provider is caring for a patient with an arm fracture.
The patient complains of numbness and tingling of the hand and pain
unrelieved by analgesics, and the radial pulse is diminished. You
realize the patient may have the following complication, which
requires prompt intervention:
a. fat embolism
b. infection
c. compartmental syndrome
d. venous stasis
6. A serious complication that occurs after bone fracture is fat embolism.
Which is the first sign that this may have occurred?
a. respiratory distress
b. cardiogenic shock
c. hypoactive bowel sounds
d. positive homan's sign
7. Which of the following best characterizes rheumatoid arthritis?
a. infection of the bone
b. bones that become porous
c. joint degeneration
d. chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane
8. A patient is readmitted to your unit only one day after discharge for an
open reduction for a fractured humerous. Upon assessment you find
fever, chills; and the patient is complaining of pain in his arm, the area
is also warm to the touch. The patient probably has:
a. osteopenia
b. osteomyelitis
c. osteoporosis
d. osteomalacia
9. Nursing interventions for osteoarthritis would include all of the
following nursing measures except:
a. rest to the affected area
b. exercise that does not stress joints
c. warmth to the affected area
d. 2000 mg ASA per day in divided doses
10. You are caring for a patient that has h~d a stroke. When they are
trying to feed themselves, they cannot hold the fork, and always are
dropping it. You as a health care provider know that there is:
a. hypertrophy in their hand
b. atrophy in their hand
c. the patient is depressed
d. the patient is stubborn
PTREVIEW ONCOLOGY 1. Two weeks
receiving chemotherapy, Mrs. Constant develops sores in
mouth.
hair loss, and complains of being extremely tired. She asks
happening to her. Your best answer is
a. b. c. d. 2. 3. "The chemotherapy is designed to
rapidly mUltiplying cells but
doesn't distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells."
"Chemotherapy is very toxic. and she was told
would experience
before the therapy was started."
"These arc normal
effects and
away after awhile."
"Give her a booklet she can read. and
her to ask her doctor if she has
questions. ,.
Tumors that have broken
a. b. c. d. from the original malignant site are referred to as
infectiolls
cancerous
sarcomas
metastatic
Bria,n Shatz is
treated with radiation
leukenlia.
to prevent
excesslve . damage from this therapy. the nurse instructs him to do which
the following?
a. b. c. d. lS
sunbathe for short periods of time to help the skin heal
wash it thoroughly with soap and water
radiation
avoid applying cream and powders to the area
areas
use a wet to dry dressing on
PT BOARD REVIEW MEDICAL-SURGICAL ANSWER KEY BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS
1.
2.
3.
B
C
A
6.
7.
8.
C
D
B
11. _B
12. B
13. B
4.
D
9.
C
14. A
16.' A
17. B
18. D
19. C
5.
D
10.
B
15.
D
20.
C
11.
12.
13.
C
C
C
A
A
D
D
C
NURSING PROCEDURES
1.
2.
3.
A
B
D
6.
7.
8.
D
C
D
4.
D
9.
C
14. C
16.
17.
18.
19.
5.
C
10.
C
15.
C
20.
NEUROLOGY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D
D
C
D
B
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
B
A
C
C
SENSORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C
D
A
D
A
B
RESPIRATORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D
A
A
B
C
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D
C
C
D
B
CARDIOVASCULAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
A
C
D
A
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
C
D
D
A
PT BOARD REVIEW MEDICAL-SURGICAL ANSWER KEY HEMATOLOGY
1.
B
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
B
D
B
ENDOCRINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
A
D
C
C
GASTROINTESTINAL
1.
B
6.
C
2.
C
7.
A
3.
C
8.
C
4.
5.
D
D
9.
C
10. D
GENITOURINARY
1.
D
6.
A
2.
D
7.
A
3.
D
4.
5.
A
C
REPRODUCTIVE
1.
C
2.
A
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
1.
B
2.
D
3.
4.
5.
C
A
A
PT BOARD REVIEW MEDICAL-SURGICAL
ANSWER KEY
INTEGUMENTARY
1.
0
6.
B
2.
0
7.
C
3.
C
8.
0
4.
5.
C
B
9.
10.
D
C
MUSCULOSKELETAL
1.
B
6.
A
2.
0
7.
D
3.
C
8.
B
4.
0
9.
D
5.
C
10. B
ONCOLOGY
1.
A
2.
0
3.
C