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Name: _______________________________ Period: ___ Group: ___ Center: ___ Newton’s Second Law of Motion To start the simulator: Click the link https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-and-motion Click the button and then the “Run” button on the dialog box To set up the simulator: Select the “Force Graphs” Tab On the right you will find selection boxes. Select the following: Turn off friction - select the “ice” circle for “Friction”. Click on the buttons “Graph Acceleration”, “Graph Velocity” and “Graph Position”. Procedure: Select the refrigerator from the “Choose an Object” drop down menu Fill in the force by clicking on the Fapplied box on the left side of the page. Type in “100”. Click the Play button to start the simulation. Click “Pause” just before the fridge hits the wall. Use the zoom in & out buttons to adjust the size of the graph to see all the data Answer questions 1-3 below. You can use the Playback feature if you need to Press “Clear” to reset the simulation after you have gathered and recorded your data 1. Observe the Position vs. Time graph. Describe how the position of the object changes over time. 2. Observe the Velocity vs. Time graph. Describe how the velocity of the object changes over time. 3. Now observe the Acceleration vs. Time graph. What do you notice about the acceleration of the object as the force remains constant? 4. Let’s practice collecting data selecting the objects below. On the third round you fill in your choices. Object Refrigerator Sleepy Dog Force (N) 100 20 Mass (kg) 200 25 Acceleration (m/s2) Questions: 1. Based on your data and your observations, create an equation that relates mass, force and acceleration. Use the simulation to test your equation. Check with your teacher. 2. Fill in the following “POWER SHAPE” (circle/triangle) using the variables from your equation. Select the textbook and apply a 10 Newton force to it. 5. Now turn friction back on by setting the Friction box to “Wood” 6. Play around some more with the simulation. 7. Record some of your data in the data table below. Data Table 3 Object Force (N) Mass (kg) Acceleration (m/s2) Questions: 3. How does friction affect the validity of your equation from question #1 on the first side? (Does the equation still work? Now try the following: 8. Select the “Sum of Forces” in the Forces box on the right AND the Fsum box on the left. Sum of Forces is also know as Net Force. Use the same tests that you did in the previous data table but now fill in the additional information: Object Fapplied (N) Ffriction (N) Fsum or Fnet (N) Mass (kg) Questions: 4. Knowing that the Fapplied is opposite Ffriction, how is Fsum or Fnet calculated? 5. Now evaluate your results again. Does the formula still work? 6. Explain what our formula should say instead of just Force = mass x acceleration. Acceleration (m/s2)