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3/28/2011 World War II 1931-1945 Reasons For War • Totalitarian Governments ▫ Communism in Russia x Russian Revolution x Lead by Stalin when Lenin died ▫ Fascism in Europe x Comes to power through economic depression x Hitler leads Germany x Mussolini leads Italy Reasons For War ▫ Militarism in Japan x Comes to power through economic depression x Lead by Hideki Tojo 1 3/28/2011 Reasons For War • Aggression ▫ All four totalitarian states want to expand their control to most of the world x Hitler wants to unite German peoples and end “the Jewish problem” x Tojo wants to create an imperialist Japan x Mussolini wants to create an imperialist Italy x Stalin wants to expand communism Events Leading to War • Japan invades Manchuria 1931 ▫ Needed raw materials • Japan invades China 1937 ▫ Japanese army felt they were superior • Anschluss 1938 ▫ Hitler authorized the overthrow of the Austrian government ▫ Authority of Austria was then signed over to Germany Events Leading to War • Appeasement ▫ Munich Conference 1938 x Europe appeases Hitler x Germany given the Sudetenland ▫ Invasions of Albania, Ethiopia, and Czechoslovakia 1939 x Hitler breaks the pact of the Munich Conference x Europe decided to allow it 2 3/28/2011 Axis Offensives • Invasion of Poland 1939 ▫ Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact x Russia and Germany agree to each take half of Poland ▫ Blitzkrieg x Lightening War • Invasion of Denmark and Norway 1940 • Invasion of Netherland, Belgium, and Luxemburg 1940 Axis Offensives • Invasion of France 1940 ▫ Creation of Vichy France • Battle of Britain 1940 ▫ Air war against Great Britain ▫ G.B. in war against Germany by itself ▫ Germany looses by changing tactics from attacking military targets to civilian targets Axis Offensives • Siege of Malta and invasion of Egypt 1940 ▫ Creation of Afrika Corps lead by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel • Japanese takeover of Vietnam 1940 ▫ America stops oil shipments to Japan • Invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece 1941 • Invasion of Russia 1941 ▫ Operation Barbarossa ▫ Failed due to cold weather just like Napoleon 3 3/28/2011 Axis Offensives • Attack on Pearl Harbor 1941 ▫ America’s Aircraft Carriers survive • Invasion of Malaya Malaya, Singapore Singapore, Hong Kong Kong, Philippines, New Guinea, Burma, Guam, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and Wake Island 19411942 Allied Offensives • Battle of Midway 1942 ▫ Changes the balance of power in the Pacific • Invasion of Guadalcanal 1942 ▫ First U.S. amphibious assault • Battle for Stalingrad 1942 ▫ Surrender of a German Army ▫ Beginning of Russian counter offensives all throughout Russia Allied Offensives • Battle of El Alamein 1942 ▫ General Montgomery defeats General Rommel • Invasion of North Africa 1943 ▫ First U.S. involvement against Germany • Invasion of Marshal Islands and New Guinea 1943 • Invasion of Italy 1943 ▫ Surrender of Italy 4 3/28/2011 Allied Offensives • Invasion of France 1944 ▫ Operation Overlord at the Normandy beaches ▫ General Dwight Eisenhower chosen as Supreme Allied Commander • Invasion of Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Romania, and Hungary 1944 • Invasion of Mariana, Palau, Guam, Saipan, and Philippine islands 1944 ▫ First use of kamikazes by Japanese Allied Offensives • Invasion of Germany 1944-1945 ▫ In the East by Russia ▫ In the West by Great Britain and the United States ▫ Surrender of Germany • Invasion of Iwo Jima and Okinawa 1945 Axis Counter Offensive • Battle of the Bulge 1944-1945 ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Hitler’s last attempt to defeat Western Powers 101st Airborne hold city of Bastogne Patton’s Army pushes Germans to Rhine River This battle ends major German resistance 5 3/28/2011 Allied Offensives • Dropping of the Atomic Bombs 1945 ▫ Hiroshima ▫ Nagasaki ▫ Japan surrenders Meetings of the Big Three • FDR, Churchill, and Stalin • Tehran 1943 ▫ France F would ld b be iinvaded d d • Yalta 1945 ▫ How would Germany be governed after the war • Potsdam 1945 ▫ How would Japan be governed after the war Post War • Nuremberg Trials ▫ Nazi leaders held accountable for their actions ▫ All people are responsible for their actions • United Nations ▫ Created to have a means to solve international problems without war 6