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Gilead -Topics in
Human Pathophysiology
Fall 2009
Drug Safety and Public Health
Blood
• Consists of:
– Plasma
– Erythrocytes
– Leukocytes
– platelets– thrombocytes
Figure 7.2
Blood
• Consists of:
– Plasma: water, ions, nutrients, gases, wastes,
proteins.
• Proteins in plasma: albumin, transport for fats,
antibodies, clotting factors
– Red Blood Cells – erythrocytes
• Contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen
Blood Components
Figure 7.4
Tests for Anemia
• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
– Hematocrit
– Erythrocyte Count
– Hemoglobin concentration
– WBC count and differential
– Platelet count
– Corpuscle characteristics (MCV, MCH)
– Etc.
Blood
• Consists of:
– White blood cells – leukocytes
• Protect against pathogens by:
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causing inflammation and fever
phagocytosing pathogens
creating antibodies to tag pathogens for destruction
killing pathogens in other ways
Creating a cadre of cells to fight reinfection by specific
pathogens (immune memory)
Blood Components
Blood
• Consists of:
– platelets– thrombocytes
• Aid in blood clotting by:
– attaching to injured vessel
– Releasing chemicals that attract more platelets
Other clotting proteins in the blood finish the clot by
a series of chemical reactions that creates protein
strands that bind to the site and strengthen the
clot.
Figure 7.8
Blood Production and Disorders
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Overview of blood production
Disorders of erythrocytes
Disorders of platelets
Disorders of leukocytes
Blood Cell Production
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Occurs in bone marrow
Also called hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)
Stem cells are rapidly dividing
Requires iron, Vitamin B12 (and other B
vitamins), other trace minerals, vitamins
• Controlled by chemical messengers
• Has 5 lines of production
Blood Cell Formation
Stem cells are
located in red
bone marrow
Stem cells multiply and
become specialized
Slide 13
Mature blood cells
Erythrocyte
(red blood cell)
Erythroblast
Nucleus
lost
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Myeloblast
Granular
leukocytes
White
blood
cells
Basophil
Stem cell
Monocyte
Monoblast
Lymphocyte
Lymphoblast
Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
Platelets
Agranular
leukocytes
Blood Disorders
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Anemias
Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytopenia, leukocytosis
Clotting factor disorders
Lipid disorders
Heart and Disease
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Structure and function
Ischemic Heart Disease
Lexiscan, Ranexa
Heart Failure
Figure 8.7b
Cardiac Cycle
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFD
dk0&feature=rec-HM-rn