Download “The World We Create” NATS 101 Section 6

“The World We Create”
NATS 101
Section 6
Project 4!
Due Tuesday May 4th
Final Exam!
Week April 27-29!
04/20
Final Evaluation
Plan
™ Complete the evaluation in class, using the
two class periods for next week;
™ The evaluation will be divided into two parts:
Tuesday: Unit 1 and 2
Thursday: Unit 3 and 4
™ You will be allowed to bring one 3 x 5 note
card (one for Tuesday, one for Thursday).
™ All class notes are posted in D2L.
START STUDYING!!
Project 4
Posted in D2L!
You will be asked to:
™ Investigate the properties, uses, and action
mechanism of a drug;
™ Prepare a 24” x 36” poster;
™ Prepare a 5 minute presentation of your
findings.
You will present your poster on
Tuesday, May 4th.
1
UNIT 4:
A world of drugs, a
blessing or a curse?
Wee
k
14:
ALC
OH
OL
Take out a piece of paper
2 Columns:
Observations and Inferences
2 Rows:
Mouse 1 and Mouse 2
Observations
Inferences
Mouse 1
Mouse 2
Record your observations
2
And Now….
MOUSE 1
MOUSE 2
Observations
Inferences
Mouse 1
Mouse 2
Observation Vs. Inference
In your small groups:
Discuss the difference between
observations and inferences.
Discuss the different inferences that can be made.
You have 5
minutes
Class Discussion:
What differences did you
observe?
What inferences did you make?
What's up with the Mouse?
3
Alcohol....
What do we actually know
about it?
Complete the quiz and discuss
your answers.
You have 5 minutes
The Path of Alcohol in the Body
1. Mouth: < 5% gets absorbed
immediately.
2. Stomach: < 20% gets absorbed
by diffusion into the
bloodstream. ADH enzymes
degrade some of the alcohol.
3. Small Intestine: ≈ 80% is
absorbed across membranes
into the bloodstream.
The Path of Alcohol in the Body
4. Heart: pumps alcohol
throughout the body.
5. Brain: alcohol reaches the brain.
6. Liver: alcohol is metabolized by
the liver at a rate of about 0.5 oz
per hour.
Alcohol → Acetaldehyde (Toxic) →
Acetic Acid → CO2 + H2O + ATP
(Energy)
4
How does the absorption of alcohol happen?
What property does alcohol have that allows it
to diffuse easily across cell membranes?
Alcohol is HYDROPHILIC:
Attracted to water
Blood is ≈ 70% water
Is Alcohol a Drug?
Once Alcohol Reaches The Brain
It Affects All Of These Functions:
Neurological Effects
Alcohol interferes with the receptors of
four main neurotransmitters:
Stimulates: GABA: which helps us relax and sleep.
Stimulates: Dopamine: Involved in the reward pathway.
Inhibits: Glutamate: Major excitatory in the brain.
Inhibits: Serotonin: Prominent player in mood control.
Is alcohol a Stimulant or Depressant?
5
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Volume of alcohol per volume of blood.
The effects of alcohol in your body depend on its
concentration in the blood.
When the amount of alcohol in the blood is greater
than the rate of metabolism it accumulates and
your BAC increases.
The liver metabolizes (oxidizes) alcohol at a rate of
approximately 0.5 oz per hour which is equal to
about one drink every three hours.
What is a “DRINK”?
Which has more Alcohol?
12 oz Beer
(5%)
5 oz Wine
(12%)
1.5 oz Liquor
(40%)
6
BAC
Behavior
.03-.059
Sense of well-being
Decreased inhibitions
Joy and Talkativeness
Alertness
Judgment
Coordination
Numbed feelings
Extroverted
Lowered Libido
Reasoning
Depth Perception and
.11-20
Emotional swings
Aggressiveness
Staggering
Slurred speech
Motor control
Reaction and reflex
time
.21-.29
Understanding loss
Physical numbness
Blackouts
Motor impairment
Loss of
consciousness
Unconsciousness
Coma
Death
Bladder functions
Breathing
Heart Rate
.06-.10
DUI: .08
>.30
Impairment
Peripheral vision loss
Determining BAC
It’s Alison’s 21st
birthday at midnight
and decides to go out
to the bars.
She is 5’8” and weighs
160 lbs. Using the BAC
chart,
what is her BAC at 2
am?
Hour
1
2
Number Of Drinks
Alison
4
3
WE KNOW the liver
metabolizes alcohol at a
rate of
0.02 BAC per hour
Alison (160 lbs, Female)
Hour
1
Drinks
4
2
3
Initial BAC
0.00
0.09
BAC (Table)
+0.11
+0.09
Metabolism
-0.02
-0.02
End BAC
0.09
0.16
Should Alison
drive home?
7
Let's apply what we know.....
Please get into small groups and
work on the scenarios provided.
You have 10 minutes
R
a
u
l
A
n
g
e
l
a
Hour
Drinks
Initial BAC
BAC (table)
Metabolism
BAC Total
Hour
Drinks
Initial BAC
BAC (table)
Metabolism
BAC Total
1
4
0.00
+0.08
–0.02
0.06
1
2
0.00
+0.08
–0.02
0.06
2
3
0.06
+0.06
–0.02
0.10
2
1
0.06
+0.04
–0.02
0.08
3
1
0.10
+0.02
–0.02
0.10
3
1
0.08
+0.04
–0.02
0.10
4
0
0.10
+0.00
–0.02
0.08
4
0
0.10
+0.00
–0.02
0.08
WHO
SHOULD
DRIVE?
8
Influencing Factors
Weight/Muscle mass
Gender
More volume to
distribute
alcohol lowers
the ratio of
alcohol in the
body.
Females have a lower
percent of body water
and less ADH enzymes
which breaks down
alcohol in the stomach:
Women are affected by
alcohol more than men.
Influencing Factors
Food
Genetics/
Family
Context
A full stomach and drinks
mixed with fruit juice can slow
the absorption of alcohol but
will not stop its absorption.
Some people are
predisposed to
alcoholism.
Context and
tolerance can
influence alcohols
effects.
Who's Drinking?
9
Who's Drinking?
Who's Drinking?
What's Happening?
10
What's Happening?
Conse
quenc
es
D.U.I
= $3,200
= Interlock
=10-180 Days
In Jail
= License Loss
Conse
quenc
es
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How might you explain these
statistics?
How might you explain these
statistics?
How might you explain these statistics?
12
Abuse
Addiction
Vs.
Abuse
Addiction
Vs.
Alcoholism or Alcohol Dependence
Often leads to → Alcoholism.
Characterized by habitual or
binge drinking without
physical addiction.
Binge drinking: 5 or more in a row.
Prevalent among 18-29
The compulsive abuse of
alcohol despite adverse effects
upon health and social
consequences.
is associated with a physical
dependance and a change in brain
chemistry.
High Risk Groups
Woman are at increased risk for all health problems related to drinking alcohol.
Those who began drinking in adolescence, especially before the age of 14.
Those with family histories of alcohol abuse.
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So... What do you know about alcohol?
1) Can coffee sober you up?
No; Only time for the liver to process alcohol will reduce
BAC.
2) Is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?
Depressant; Alcohol slows brain activity and the
functions of the central nervous system
3) Is alcohol a polymer?
No; Alcohol is made up of molecules of ethanol or ethyl
alcohol.
4) Is alcohol a drug?
Yes; When ingested alcohol alters normal bodily
function.
5) Which contains more alcohol?
They all contain the same amount of alcohol.
So... What do you know about alcohol?
6) Would alcohol affect a 140lb woman and a 140lb man the
same?
No; Females have a lower percent of body water and
lower levels of ADH which increases their BAC compared
to men.
7) What parts of the body are affected by the absorption of
alcohol?
All major body functions are affected by alcohol.
8) What are some of the side effects of alcohol?
Relaxation → Death
9) Why is alcohol easily absorbed by the body?
Because it has a hydroxyl group (OH) making in
hydrophilic.
10) What is binge drinking?
It is a form of alcohol abuse that occurs when one drinks
5+ drinks consecutively.
In Conclusion......
Don't be this guy!
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