Download Arthopoda - El Camino College

Kingdom Animalia:
Phylum Arthropoda
(Subphyllum Chelicerata
and Crustacea)
Ecdyzoa group:
Nematoda and Arthropoda
Nematods are pseudocoelomates and have no segmentation
Arthropods are coelomates and have segmented bodies
Phylum Arthropoda: jointed appendages
Abundance: There are about a billion billion arthropods
Diversity: 2/3 species is an arthropod
Arthropods secrete to success
Exoskeleton (cuticle with chitin and hardened by protein matrix)
structural support, protection, prevention from water loss
levers for muscle attachment and movement
joints (areas where cuticle is thin) provide flexibility
Need to molt allowed for:
Metamorphosis
radical change in form between larva and adult
Arthropods secrete to success
Segmented body with appendages
Segments fused and
Appendages became specialized (division of labor)
Limitations of being an arthropod
Phylum Arthropoda: arthropods
Subphylum Myriapoda: millipedes and centipedes
Subphylum Chelicerata: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs
Subphylum Crustacea: Crayfish, crabs, shrimps, barnacle, roly-poly
Subphylum Hexapoda: insects and relatives
Subphylum Chelicerata: arthropods with claws
Body divided in 2 regions:
Cephalothorax (sensory, feeding, locomotor)
abdomen (visceral functions)
1stpair of appendages are chelicerae (feed/defense)
2ndpair are pedipalps(sensory)
Lack mandibles and antennae
Most suck liquid food from prey
Class Merostomata: Horseshoe crabs
- Marine in shallow waters, come to shore to mate
- Feed on worms and mollusks
- Unchanged for 250 million years
- Unsegmented carapace covers body
- Cephalothorax: 5 pairs of walking legs and
1 pair of chelicerae
- Abdomen bears six pairs of thin appendages
- Carapace has 2 compound and 2 simple eyes
Why this crab's blood could save your life
http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/04/health/this-crabs-blood-could-save-your-life/
Horseshoe crab blood can detect and trap bacterial toxins
Its blood is harvested for a test to ensure medical products are not
contaminated.
45 minutes of exposure to the crab's blood is enough to reveal bacteria
contamination which otherwise avoid detection
It is sensitive enough to isolate a threat the equivalent size of a grain of sand in
a swimming pool.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that intravenous drugs
and any medical equipment coming in contact with the body must first pass
through the crab's blood, from needles to surgical implants including
pacemakers.
As a result, thousands more of us survive such procedures.
Up to 600,000 crabs are captured each year for their blood Between
10-30% of donor crabs die in the process
Class Arachnida: Spiders, scorpions, ticks and others
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Cephalothorax:
a pair of chelicerae, a pair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs
In spiders abdomen spinning glands
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Most are predators and have claws, fangs, poison glands, or stingers
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Pedipalps of males are modified for sperm transfer
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Most harmless to humans and provide essential control of injurious insects
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Ticks may carry human diseases
(Lyme disease)
Kingdom Animalia:
Phylum Arthropoda
(Subphylum Crustacea)
Subphylum Crustacea: crustaceans
Body divided in 2 regions:
Cephalothorax (sensory, feeding, locomotion) has 2 pairs of antennae
Abdomen with swimmerets and uropod (swimming, reproduction and breathing)
Crayfish dissection: External anatomy
Crayfish dissection: Internal anatomy
Labeled structures include one of the two green glands (1) that
function in osmoregulation and excretion, one of the
compound eyes (2), the digestive gland (3), one of the two sets
of mandibular muscles (4) that control the mandibles, the gills
(5), a portion of the abdominal extensor muscle (6), a portion of
the fifth walking leg (7) and one of the third maxillipeds (8).
Crayfish dissection: Internal anatomy
Class Maxillopoda: barnacles and copepods
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Copepods are small in size and lack abdominal appendages
Main component of zooplankton
½ species are parasites of other marine animals
Most feed with their maxillae
but barnacles use their legs for filter feeding
Class Malacostraca:
Crayfish, lobsters, crabs , shrimp , krill and pill bugs
Marine, freshwater and land
Most species are scavengers, although some,
are filter feeders (porcelain crab)
are carnivores (mantis shrimp)
are parasites (isopods)
Note that in crabs the abdomen is folded under cephalothorax
Phylum Arthropoda: arthropods
Subphylum Myriapoda: millipedes and centipedes
Subphylum Chelicerata: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Subphylum Crustacea: Crayfish, crabs, shrimps, barnacle, roly-poly
Subphylum Hexapoda: insects and relatives
Subphylum Myriapoda:
Body divided in 2 regions:
Head and trunk
One pair of antenna
Subphylum Myriapoda:
Class Chilopoda: centipedes
Have flattened bodies with up to 177 segments
Each segment bears ONE PAIR of jointed legs
appendages of first body segment form poison claws
Predators, most harmless to humans
Subphylum Myriapoda:
Class Diplopoda: millipedes
- Less active than centipedes
Walk with graceful rather than wriggling motion
- Scavengers: most eat decayed plants but a few eat living plant tissue
- Cylindrical bodies with 25 to more than 100 segments
Most segments have two pairs of legs
Subphylum Hexapoda:
Body divided in 3 regions:
Head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of legs
Class Insecta:
INSECTS WITH Incomplete metamorphosis
AND chewing mouthparts
Order Orthoptera
Grasshoppers , crickets,
2 pairs of wings (forewings are leathery)
jumping hind legs
Order Odonata
Dragonflies and damselfies
2 pairs of wings with primitive venation
Insects with INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS AND piercing-sucking
mouthparts
Order Heteroptera (Hemiptera)
True bugs
2 pairs of wings (forewings are half hard)
Insects with COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS WITH SIPHONING MOUTHPARTS
Order Lepidoptera
Butterflies and moths
2 pairs of wings with scales
Insects with COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS WITH REDUCED HIND WINGS
Order Diptera
Flies
Sponging mouthparts
Maggot therapy
Mosquitoes
Piercing sucking mouthparts
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS WITH CHEWING MOUTHPARTS
Order Coleoptera
BEETLES
2 pairs of wings
Forewings hardened (elytra),
Order Hymenoptera
ANTS, BEES, WASPS
2 pairs of membranous wings
Abdomen with a waist
Grasshopper: external anatomy
Grasshopper: internal anatomy
Insects for food and as food