Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
June 1, 2010 SOL PS.3 atom The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. proton The positively charged particle of the nucleus neutron The particles of the that have no charge electron The negatively charged particles found in all atoms quantum mechanics A theory of the mechanics of atoms, molecules, and other physical systems that are subject to the uncertainty principle electron cloud The regions inside an atom where electrons are likely to be found Suffolk Public Schools 21 June 1, 2010 SOL PS.4 periodic table of elements A table of elements arranged by atomic number that shows patterns in their properties periods a row of elements on the periodic table ion Charged particles that form during chemical changes isotope Atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons metals Elements that are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity nonmetals Elements that are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity compound A pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined Suffolk Public Schools 23 June 1, 2010 SOL PS.4 (continued) atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom atomic mass The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element ionic bond The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions covalent bond The force of attraction between the nuclei of atoms and the electrons shared by the atoms metalloids Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals element A pure substance that cannot separated or broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means valence electrons The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom Suffolk Public Schools 25 June 1, 2010 SOL PS.4 (continued) family Suffolk Public Schools A column of elements on the periodic table 27 June 1, 2010 SOL PS.5 physical change A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. (Many physical changes are easy to undo) chemical change A change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties. (Cannot be reversed using physical means) reactants The starting materials in a chemical reaction. nuclear changes Changes that occur in a nuclear structure. fusion The process by which multiple atomic particles join together to form a heavier nucleus. Law of Conservation of Matter (mass) The law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes. fission The process where a large atomic nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. Suffolk Public Schools 29 June 1, 2010 SOL PS.5 (continued) Law of Conservation of Energy The law that states that energy is neither created nor destroyed. endothermic energy A physical or a chemical change in which energy is absorbed. exothermic energy A physical or a chemical change in which energy is released or removed. chemical equation A shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols. Suffolk Public Schools 31