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Biology Exam Snapshot Time Allowed: 240 minutes Format: Multiple-choice Number of Questions: 145 On-Screen Exhibits: (available as relevant) Standard calculator; Periodic Table Passing Score: Proficient: 266 Distinguished: 311 Exam Summary: (The number of questions answered correctly is converted to a scaled score ranging from 0 to 500.) Content Domains Approximate Percentage of Examination General Science Knowledge 20% Scientific Investigation 15% Biochemical Basis of Life 6% Cell Biology and Microbiology 10% Classical Genetics 4% Molecular Biology 11% Evolution 7% Comparative Physiology 6% Human Physiology 9% Plant Biology and Physiology 6% Ecology 6% About This Exam The American Board for Certification of Teacher Excellence believes that highly skilled biology teachers should possess a comprehensive body of scientific knowledge that is research-based and promotes student achievement. The biology exam is a rigorous assessment of a candidate’s knowledge and application of general biology. The topics assessed are characteristically covered in introductory college level biology courses, although some more advanced questions are included, as teachers must hold a more sophisticated understanding of biology content than that presented to their students. - Page 1 - Biology Exam Snapshot General Science Knowledge • Classical Genetics General science knowledge in the subjects of chemistry, Earth science, and physics Scientific Investigation • Scientific method • Accuracy, precision, and error • Scientific notation and significant digits • Procedures for the safe handling of laboratory materials • Mendelian principles of independent assortment, segregation, and rules of inheritance • Relation of genotype to phenotype • Inheritance and genetic linkage • Causes and symptoms of common genetic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities Molecular Biology Biochemical Basis Of Life • Discovery and importance of the DNA structure • DNA replication, transcription, and translation • Mutations, genetic variation, and gene expression • Chemical structures and functional groups • Classification of molecules and isomers • pH and ionization • Chromosomal rearrangements • Structures and classification of polymers, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and proteins • Function and regulation of bacterial operons • Eukaryotic gene regulation • Cell differentiation in multicellular organisms • Process and purpose of DNA technology • Pluripotency of plant cells and animal stem cells Cell Biology And Microbiology • Development of cell theory • Means of transport in a cell system • Functions of glycolysis, fermentation, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport system • ATP generation • Functions of light-dependent and lightindependent reactions of photosynthesis • C4 and CAM plants • Endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells • Structures and functions of cell components • Cell division • Structure and characteristics of bacteria and viruses • Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of evolution Evolution - Page 2 - • Important biological events and the geologic time scale • Mass extinction and the fossil record • Endosymbiotic hypothesis • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium • Natural selection • Macroevolution, microevolution, gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, and homologous and analogous structures Biology Exam Snapshot Comparative Phsyiology • Characteristics and body plan of the major animal phyla • Levels of organization and the structures and functions of different types of animal tissues • Evolution and structure of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems of vertebrates and invertebrates Plant Biology / Physiology Human Physiology • Structure and function of the human sensory organs • The nervous system • The digestive system • Blood pressure, the various components of blood, and the route of blood through the human body • Evolution of plants • Structure of a flowering plant and its reproductive structures and functions • Alteration of generation in plants • Cellular structure of a leaf, photosynthesis, and transpiration • Meristematic tissues • Sugar loading and unloading in plants • Plant response to the environment and different types of stress Ecology • Structure and dynamics of a population • Density-dependent and density-independent factors in a population • The respiratory system • • Pathogens, immunity, and the body’s nonspecific defenses Theoretical niche, realized niche, Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion • Antigens, the production of antigen-specific antibodies, and vaccines Symbiotic relationships and organism defense mechanisms • The nitrogen cycle • Nutrient cycling • The processes of ecological succession • Human impact on the biosphere • • Functions of the kidneys, the liver, and the excretory system • The endocrine system • The reproductive system • The musculoskeletal system - Page 3 -