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Venus Earth Mercury Mars ALL ABOUT THE PLANETS and a few other things By:James Cooper Elsberry Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mercury First I will start off with Mercury. Mercury is extremely difficult to observe from Earth's surface. Also, the gravitational pull is seventeen times stronger than the moon's pull on Earth. Mercury will sometimes get tidal budges. A tidal budge is a gravitational tide that happens because it isn't uniform across it's diameter. Lastly, it's surface is similar to the moon's. Picture of the side of Mercury facing the Sun. This is a picture of the side that is not facing the Sun. The next planet closest to the sun is Venus. It can reach a temperature over 800 degrees Fahrenheit. That is a normal Arizona day times eight! As you can tell, since this planet is so hot it is the hottest planet in our solar system. About 65% of Venus is just smooth plains. On this burning hot planet, the pressure is intense. Did you know that if you stood on Venus you would feel the same amount of pressure as if you where three thousand two hundred feet underwater! Venus Picture of this blazing hot planet. Earth The next planet in the solar system is very easy to find information on. That is because it is the planet that we live on. Called planet Earth. As we know of right now, Earth is the only planet with life. Researchers know that Earth was made up of rocks and dust. For this to happen gravity pulled space rocks together to form Earth. Before humans ever walked the Earth, it was a boiling ball of liquid and rock. The temperature was over 2,000 degrees F. This planet is perfect for us because it the right atmosphere. Our atmosphere has lots of oxygen so we can breathe and survive. Also, it is not too far from the sun. Which is good because if we where too far away, our water would freeze. Then, it is good that we don't live too close to the sun because if we did our water would evaporate. Clearly, we know a lot about this planet. Picture pf our planet Earth. Mars The next planet closest to the sun is Mars.Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. Mars is referred to as the red planet because of all the rust on it. The red color comes from the iron oxide on the surface of the planet. Mars has mountain ranges, volcanic fields, valleys, ice caps, canyons, and deserts. Interestingly, Mars has the largest impact crater ever discovered on it's surface. Many Mars rovers like Curiosity, have been sent to the this Martian surface so that we can learn more about this planet. Picture of this Martian planet. Jupiter Next there is Jupiter. Jupiter, is by far is the largest planet. It is also the very first of the gas giants. Since Jupiter is a gas giant, this planet has no surface. Meaning that we would not be able to land on it. Scientists are thinking that Jupiter might have a rocky core. Even though Jupiter is big, it is only 1/1,000th as massive as the sun. Jupiter has a faint set of rings. These rings can't be seen with just the naked eye, you would need a telescope to see these rings. Those rings wrap around Jupiter horizontally. The notable red spot on Jupiter is a gigantic storm. This storm is so humongous that it is bigger than Earth! This storm has gusts over 400mph. Scientists are thinking that the big storm is actually shrinking. This is the comparison size of Jupiter compared to Earth. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun. It is also one of the four gas giants. Saturn's rings were first discovered by Galileo in 1610. Saturn is the second largest planet. Saturn is also 764 times the volume of Earth. Saturn takes 29.46 Earth years to orbit the sun. Picture of Saturn and it's beautiful rocky rings. Uranus Uranus is a very cold and frigid planet. From our planet Earth Uranus looks like a blue ball. When scientists first discovered Uranus they were convinced it was just a star. It was not until 1781that Uranus become known as a planet. It also a gas gian like it's fellow relatives Jupiter and Saturn. It is 7.78 million miles from the sun. It takes Uranus 84 Earth years to orbit the sun. Even though the planetary year is so long, it only takes 18 hours to fully rotate on its axis and complete a whole day. Picture of this frigid planet. Neptune Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. It the fourth and the last gas giant. Five of Neptune's moons weren't discovered till the 21st century. Also, this planet wasn't discovered till 1846. This planet wasn't found by a telescope but by mathematical operations. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth. This planet is 27 million miles away from the sun. Photograph of this blue ball. PLANET 9 When most people think of our solar system, they think of eight planets, and our sun. But not the astronomer Mike Brown. Brown is interested into the region of space beyond these eight planets. "There's this huge part of the solar system that we're only just beginning to learn about." he says. This a hypothetical in planet our solar system. It is in the farther part of our solar system. It's orbit period expands from 10,000 years too 20,000 years. The gravitational effects which would explain the improbable orbital configuration of transNeptunian objects that orbit mostly around the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is home to icy, rocky objects; billions of comets; and a few dwarf planets ( objects to small to be considered planets) such as Pluto. In a 2014 letter to the journal Nature, astronomers Chad Trujillo and Scott S Sheppard inferred the possible existence of a massive transNeptunian life form. It's semi major axis is 700 AU (est.). Astronomers hunting for this mysterious planet have found some 50 new, may reveal more about this mysterious planet. Picture of this mysterious, frigid, and strange planet. APOLLO SATURN V ROCKET The Saturn V (spoken as Saturn five) was an American human rated expandable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973. NASA also built this rocket to send man to the moon. This rocket was called an heavy lift vehicle. This was a very large rocket. It reached about 111 meters (363 feet) tall, about the height of a 36 story building, and 18 meters (60 feet) taller than the Statue of Liberty. Fully fueled for lift off, the Saturn V weighed 2.8 million kilograms(6.2 million pounds), the weight of about 400 elephants. The rocket generated 34.5 newtons (7.6 million pounds) of thrust at launch, creating more than 85 Hoover Dams. A car that gets 45 kilometers (30 miles) to the gallon could drive around the world 800 with the amount of fuel the Saturn V used for a lunar landing mission. It could launch about 118,000 kilograms (130 tons) into Earth's orbit. That is about as much weight has 10 school buses. The Saturn V could launch 43,000 kilograms ( 50 tons) to the moon. That is about the same has 4 school buses. The Saturn V was developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. It was three types of rockets NASA built. Two smaller rockets, the Saturn 1 and Saturn 1B, were used to launch humans into Earth orbit. The Saturn V sent them beyond Earth orbit to the moon. Lastly, it was launched at the LC - 39 Kennedy Space center. My grandfather helped build Saturn V. He also has a model of at it's launching site. Picture of Saturn V ready to launch off. Picture of SaturnV launching off at LC - 39