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Bell Work: April 21, 2016 •Take a packet from the table as you enter •As you wait for the bell, read the directions to the K-W-L chart on the first page, and add what you can to the K and W parts of the chart This presentation will: Introduce you to the events and importance of World War II Familiarize you with the important characters in history Supply background for the story of Anne Frank, her family, and her friends Who was in World War II? WWII > WHO? The Allies The Axis Nazi Germany United States of America United Soviet Socialist Republic United Kingdom Japan Italy China Hungary France Romania Poland Bulgaria Canada Finland Australia Thailand New Zealand Iraq South Africa Netherlands WWII > Who? Adolf hitler WWII > Who Was Hitler? Adolf hitler A German soldier in World War I A powerful public speaker The man Germany hoped would help fix their economic problems in the aftermath of World War I The elected leader of Germany The leader of the Nazi political party An enemy of the Jewish people The infamous initiator of the Holocaust, one of the worst events in human history. WWII > Who Was Hitler? The Boy Adolf Hitler as a baby Adolf Hitler as a young boy WWII > Who Was Hitler? The Soldier Adolf Hitler as a soldier in World War I Adolf Hitler as a soldier in World War I WWII > Who Was Hitler? The Fuhrer, Chancellor of Germany Why Did World War II Happen? WWII > Why Did It Happen? World War II Nationalistic tension Unresolved issues from World War I Effects of the great depression Economic turmoil in Germany Political vacuum in Germany 1937 Japanese invasion of China 1939 German invasion of Poland 1941 Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor What Happened in World War II? WWII > When? Olympics begin in Berlin, Germany Germans elect Adolf Hitler Nazis into power becomes leader of Nazi Party 1st concentration camp opened Anne Frank near Berlin born World War I ends U.S. Stock Market crashes Adolf Hitler German voted Jews Chancellor stripped of Germany of rights. Britain, France, Nazis invade Australia, & Netherlands New Zealand declare war on Germany German military mobilizes Hitler reveals war plans. Assassination attempt on Hitler fails Nazis begin Kristall- euthanasia nacht on sick and disabled More timeline Nazis bomb Britain WWII > When? Anne & Frank family goes Anne, Margot, & Japan into hiding Auguste moved to Margot die at bombs Bergen-Belsen camp Bergen-Belsen Pearl JapaneseHarbor Americans Fritz sent to US Otto Pfeffer Anne’s Nazis order concentration liberated joins the family Jews to wear camps from Annex betrayed yellow stars Auschwitz Otto Jews Nazi Hitler hopes Allied Anne gets fight Gas mass declares Edith dies to find diary for back in Forces murders chambers Warsaw D-Day war on girls @ at 13th at start USA Auschwitz home birthday ghetto invasion Auschwitz Nazis invade northern Africa More timeline WWII > When? USA drops nuclear bomb on Nagasaki USA drops nuclear bomb on Hiroshima Hitler commits suicide Germany surrenders Japan surrenders 1st 1,500 copies of Anne’s diary are published Otto Frank dies (age 91) Miep Gies dies (age 100) What was the Holocaust? WARNING: Some of the upcoming images are intense and graphic in nature. They are not for the light of heart, but they are something that must be remembered, lest humankind falter and repeat our past mistakes. WWII > What was the holocaust? The Holocaust The Holocaust was the systematic Mass Slaughter of Jewish people, as well as many others by the nazis during WWII. genocide is a word that means the mass killing of a people due to their race. WWII > The Holocaust Netherlands – where Franks hid Switzerland – Franks lied about fleeing to Bergen-Belsen – where Anne died Auschwitz – where Anne's dad was sent WWII > The Holocaust Flow charts were used to determine who was German and who was not. WWII > The Holocaust WWII > The Holocaust Synagogue in Warsaw Ghetto Auschwitz Death Camp WWII > The Holocaust Who Was Anne Frank? WWII > Who Is Anne Frank? anne frank One of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust Born in Germany Family went into hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam caught & sent to Bergen-Belsen Died of typhus only weeks before the camp was liberated Gained international fame after her diary was published each year her diary is 2nd bestselling non-fiction book; only the Bible sells more copies. Frankfurt, Germany • Anne Frank is born in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 12, 1929. She is the second daughter of Otto and Edith Frank, who are German Jews. Anneliese (Anne) Frank, at the hospital with her mother a day after she was born. Frankfurt, Germany • Anne's parents come from respected German families. Otto, Anne's father, had been an officer in the German Army during World War I. Otto Frank in his German Army uniform. Frankfurt, Germany • Anne and her older sister, Margot, have friends of many nationalities. Their parents have taught them to respect and tolerate others. Otto and Edith Frank on their honeymoon in San Remo, Italy, in 1925. The Move to Amsterdam • Adolf Hitler's Nazi party comes to power in Germany in 1933. Hitler begins his campaign against the Jews and the Frank family starts to fear for their future in Germany. • In the summer of 1933, Otto Frank leaves Frankfurt for Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, to set up a new business called the Dutch Opekta Company. The Dutch Opekta is a company that sells pectin, a powder made from fruit extract and used to make jelly. The Move to Amsterdam • Less than a year later, Edith, Margot, and Anne (four years old) join Otto in Amsterdam. Anne and Margot posing for a photograph in Aachen, before their move to Amsterdam. The Move to Amsterdam • In 1938, Otto expands his business, going into partnership with a merchant, Hermann Van Pels, also a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany. From 1933 through 1942, the Franks lived in this bright new apartment complex on Merweideplein in Amsterdam. The Move to Amsterdam • By the mid-1930s, the Franks settle into a normal routine in their apartment at 37 Merweideplein: the girls attend school; the family takes vacations at the beach; and their circle of Jewish and nonJewish friends grows. Anne and Margot at the beach in the summer of 1934. Living Under Nazi Rule Anne Frank attends the local Montessori school, but after summer recess in 1941, she is not allowed to attend school with non -Jews. • Unfortunately, the Franks' belief that Amsterdam is a safe haven from Nazism is shattered when, in May, 1940, the Germans invade the Netherlands, and the Franks are once again forced to live under Nazi rule. • At first, Anne and Margot continue to socialize with their friends and attend school. Living Under Nazi Rule • The Nazi administration, in conjunction with the Dutch Nazi Party and Civil Service, issues Anti-Jewish decrees. • Jews are heavily discriminated against. • Anne and her family are soon restricted from: – – – – – – – Owning a bicycle Riding in cars Riding a train Attending public schools, theaters, movies, Socializing with Christians Being out on the street between 8pm-6am Take part in any recreational activities Living Under Nazi Rule • All Jews have to register their businesses. Later, they are forced to surrender them to non-Jews. Fortunately, Otto Frank, in anticipation of this decree, has already turned his business over to his non-Jewish colleagues, Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman. In May 1942, all Jews aged six and older are required to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothes to set them apart from non-Jews. The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding: 1942 This is one of the last photographs taken of Anne and her sister, Margot, before they go into hiding. • By 1942, Jews are being arrested just for being Jews. Many are forced to go to German labor camps. Fearful for their lives, the Frank family prepares to go into hiding. The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding • They already have a place in mind - an annex of rooms above Otto Frank's office at 263 Prinsengracht in Amsterdam. 263 Prinsengracht the hiding place The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding • The Frank family in May of 1940. The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding • Mr. Frank makes arrangements for his business partner, Hermann Van Pels, along with his wife, Auguste Van Pels, and their son, Peter, to share the Prinsengracht hide-away. • These friends and employees not only agree to keep the business operating in their employer's absence, but also risk their lives to help the Frank family survive. The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding The helpers, from left to right: Mr. Kleiman, Miep Gies, Bep Voskuijl, and Mr. Kugler. • Additionally, members of the office staff of the Dutch Opekta Company agree to help them. Aside from Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, there are Miep and Jan Gies, Bep Voskuijl, and Bep's father - all considered to be trustworthy. The Secret Annex • While these preparations are secretly under way, Anne celebrates her thirteenth birthday, on June 12, 1942. On July 5, 1942, her sister, Margot, receives a call-up notice. This means that she will be deported to a Nazi "work camp." • On the morning of July 6, Anne wakes up at 5:30 am to make final preparations. Margot leaves first with Miep. Then, at 7:30, Anne says goodbye to her cat, Moortje, and leaves with her father and mother for the hiding place. The Secret Annex • Anne is reading a book on the veranda in the sunshine, having just said goodbye to her friend. When a policeman rings the Frank's doorbell at about 3 pm. • Even though the hiding place is not yet ready, the Frank family realizes that they have to move right away. • They hurry to pack their belongings and leave notes implying that they have left the country. Only a few weeks after receiving her diary, which she calls "Kitty," Anne and her family go into hiding. The Secret Annex • A week later, on July 13, the Van Pels family joins the Franks. • On November 16, 1942, the seven residents of the Secret Annex are joined by an eighth and final resident, Fritz Pfeffer. The Secret Annex • Anne Frank's family and the other residents of the Secret Annex remain in hiding for two years. • The Annex is crowded and they have to be extremely careful not to be heard or seen. • If they are discovered, the Nazis will arrest them. • During these two years, Anne keeps a diary of her life. Anne decorates her narrow bedroom with photographs and postcards of movie stars. Arrest and Deportation • At approximately 10 A.M., August 4, 1944, the Frank family's greatest fear comes true. A Nazi policeman and several Dutch collaborators appear at 263 Prinsengracht, having received an anonymous phone call informing them that Jews are hiding there. The police head straight for the bookcase that leads to the Secret Annex. A hinged bookcase at the rear of the office wall is all that separates the Secret Annex from the outside world. Arrest and Deportation • Karl Joseph Silberbauer, an Austrian Nazi, forces the residents to turn over all their valuables. When he finds out that Otto Frank had been a lieutenant in the German Army during World War I, he is a little less hostile. The residents are taken from the house, forced into a covered truck, taken to the Central Office for Jewish Emigration, and then sent to Weteringschans Prison. Miep Gies gathers and saves Anne's scattered diary pages. Arrest and Deportation • Two of the helpers, Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, are imprisoned for their role in hiding the family. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl are not arrested, although Miep is brought in for questioning by the police. Arrest and Deportation • On August 8, 1944, after a brief stay in Weteringschans Prison, the residents of the Secret Annex are moved to Westerbork transit camp. • They remain there for nearly a month, until, on September 3, they are transported to the Auschwitz death camp in Poland. It is the last Auschwitz-bound transport to leave Westerbork. The selection process divides the transported Jews into two groups: those who would work-and those who would die (the group on the right). Arrest and Deportation • Bergen-Belsen becomes overcrowded with prisoners as the Nazis retreat from the Eastern Front. At BergenBelsen prisoners have no food, heat, or medicine. They also do not have any clean toilets or showers. Due to these conditions, thousands of people die from disease and starvation. Arrest and Deportation • In October, 1944, Anne and Margot are transported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. Thousands die from planned starvation and epidemics at BergenBelsen, which is without food, heat, medicine, or elementary sanitary conditions. • Anne and Margot, already weakened from living in the concentration camps, become ill with typhus. The camp is liberated by allied troops in 1945, one month after the death of Anne Frank. After the War Otto Frank (center) with his Opekta staff, the Helpers of the Secret Annex. • Out of the eight people who went into hiding in the Secret Annex, Otto Frank is the only one who survives what became known as the Holocaust. He is given Anne's diary pages by Miep Gies, and he publishes them in her memory, and in memory of all those who have died. • He and his second wife, Elfried Geiringer, also an Auschwitz survivor, move to Basel, Switzerland, in 1953. Otto Frank dies on August 19, 1980, at the age of ninety-one. WWII > Who Is Anne Frank? Anne Frank Statue Anne frank at Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum WWII > Who Is Anne Frank? Memorial anne’s Grave Memorial Memorial Anne Frank House WWII > Who Is Anne Frank? anne Frank’s Diary