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Bell Work: April 21, 2016
•Take a packet from the table as
you enter
•As you wait for the bell, read the
directions to the K-W-L chart on the
first page, and add what you can to
the K and W parts of the chart
This presentation will:
 Introduce you to the events and importance of World War II
 Familiarize you with the important characters in history
 Supply background for the story of Anne Frank, her family, and
her friends
Who was in
World War II?
WWII > WHO?
The Allies
The Axis
Nazi Germany
United States of America
United Soviet Socialist Republic
United Kingdom
Japan
Italy
China
Hungary
France
Romania
Poland
Bulgaria
Canada
Finland
Australia
Thailand
New Zealand
Iraq
South Africa
Netherlands
WWII > Who?
Adolf hitler
WWII > Who Was Hitler?
Adolf
hitler
 A German soldier in World War I
 A powerful public speaker
 The man Germany hoped would
help fix their economic
problems in the aftermath of
World War I
 The elected leader of Germany
 The leader of the Nazi political
party
 An enemy of the Jewish people
 The infamous initiator of the
Holocaust, one of the worst
events in human history.
WWII > Who Was Hitler?
The
Boy
Adolf Hitler
as a baby
Adolf Hitler
as a young boy
WWII > Who Was Hitler?
The
Soldier
Adolf Hitler
as a soldier in
World War I
Adolf Hitler
as a soldier in
World War I
WWII > Who Was Hitler?
The
Fuhrer,
Chancellor of Germany
Why Did
World War II
Happen?
WWII > Why Did It Happen?
World
War
II
 Nationalistic tension
 Unresolved issues from World
War I
 Effects of the great depression
 Economic turmoil in Germany
 Political vacuum in Germany
 1937 Japanese invasion of China
 1939 German invasion of Poland
 1941 Japanese bombing of Pearl
Harbor
What Happened in
World War II?
WWII > When?
Olympics begin in
Berlin, Germany
Germans elect
Adolf Hitler
Nazis into power
becomes leader
of Nazi Party
1st concentration
camp opened
Anne Frank
near Berlin
born
World
War I
ends
U.S. Stock
Market
crashes
Adolf Hitler German
voted
Jews
Chancellor stripped
of Germany of rights.
Britain, France, Nazis invade
Australia, &
Netherlands
New Zealand declare
war on Germany
German
military
mobilizes
Hitler
reveals
war
plans.
Assassination
attempt on
Hitler fails
Nazis
begin
Kristall- euthanasia
nacht on sick and
disabled
More timeline
Nazis
bomb
Britain
WWII > When?
Anne &
Frank family goes Anne, Margot, &
Japan
into hiding
Auguste moved to Margot die at
bombs
Bergen-Belsen camp Bergen-Belsen
Pearl JapaneseHarbor Americans
Fritz
sent to US
Otto
Pfeffer Anne’s
Nazis order
concentration
liberated
joins the family
Jews to wear
camps
from
Annex betrayed
yellow stars
Auschwitz Otto
Jews
Nazi
Hitler
hopes
Allied
Anne gets fight
Gas
mass
declares
Edith dies to find
diary for back in Forces
murders chambers
Warsaw D-Day
war on
girls @
at
13th
at
start
USA
Auschwitz home
birthday ghetto invasion
Auschwitz
Nazis
invade
northern
Africa
More timeline
WWII > When?
USA drops
nuclear bomb
on Nagasaki
USA drops
nuclear bomb
on Hiroshima
Hitler
commits
suicide
Germany
surrenders
Japan
surrenders
1st 1,500
copies of
Anne’s
diary are
published
Otto Frank
dies
(age 91)
Miep Gies
dies
(age 100)
What was the
Holocaust?
WARNING: Some
of the upcoming images are intense and graphic in nature. They
are not for the light of heart, but they are something that must be remembered,
lest humankind falter and repeat our past mistakes.
WWII > What was the holocaust?
The
Holocaust
The Holocaust was the
systematic Mass Slaughter
of Jewish people, as well as
many others by the nazis
during WWII.
genocide is a word that
means the mass killing of a
people due to their race.
WWII > The Holocaust
Netherlands – where
Franks hid
Switzerland – Franks
lied about fleeing to
Bergen-Belsen – where
Anne died
Auschwitz – where
Anne's dad was sent
WWII > The Holocaust
Flow charts were used to determine who was German and who was not.
WWII > The Holocaust
WWII > The Holocaust
Synagogue in Warsaw Ghetto
Auschwitz Death Camp
WWII > The Holocaust
Who Was
Anne Frank?
WWII > Who Is Anne Frank?
anne
frank
 One of the most discussed
Jewish victims of the Holocaust
 Born in Germany
 Family went into hiding from
the Nazis in Amsterdam
 caught & sent to Bergen-Belsen
 Died of typhus only weeks
before the camp was liberated
 Gained international fame
after her diary was published
 each year her diary is 2nd bestselling non-fiction book; only
the Bible sells more copies.
Frankfurt, Germany
• Anne Frank is
born in
Frankfurt,
Germany, on June
12, 1929. She is
the second
daughter of Otto
and Edith Frank,
who are German
Jews.
Anneliese (Anne) Frank, at
the hospital with her
mother a day after she was
born.
Frankfurt, Germany
• Anne's parents
come from
respected German
families. Otto,
Anne's father, had
been an officer in
the German Army
during World War I.
Otto Frank in his German
Army uniform.
Frankfurt, Germany
• Anne and her
older sister,
Margot, have
friends of many
nationalities.
Their parents
have taught them
to respect and
tolerate others.
Otto and Edith Frank on
their honeymoon in
San Remo, Italy, in 1925.
The Move to Amsterdam
• Adolf Hitler's Nazi party
comes to power in
Germany in 1933. Hitler
begins his campaign
against the Jews and the
Frank family starts to
fear for their future in
Germany.
• In the summer of 1933,
Otto Frank leaves
Frankfurt for
Amsterdam, in the
Netherlands, to set up a
new business called the
Dutch Opekta Company.
The Dutch Opekta is a
company that sells pectin, a
powder made from fruit
extract and used to make
jelly.
The Move to Amsterdam
• Less than a year
later, Edith,
Margot, and Anne
(four years old)
join Otto in
Amsterdam.
Anne and Margot posing
for a photograph in
Aachen, before their move
to Amsterdam.
The Move to Amsterdam
• In 1938, Otto
expands his
business, going
into partnership
with a merchant,
Hermann Van Pels,
also a Jewish
refugee from Nazi
Germany.
From 1933 through 1942, the
Franks lived in this bright new
apartment complex on
Merweideplein in Amsterdam.
The Move to Amsterdam
• By the mid-1930s,
the Franks settle
into a normal
routine in their
apartment at 37
Merweideplein: the
girls attend
school; the family
takes vacations at
the beach; and
their circle of
Jewish and nonJewish friends
grows.
Anne and Margot at the beach
in the summer of 1934.
Living Under Nazi Rule
Anne Frank attends the local
Montessori school, but after
summer recess in 1941, she is
not allowed to attend school
with non -Jews.
• Unfortunately, the
Franks' belief that
Amsterdam is a safe
haven from Nazism is
shattered when, in
May, 1940, the
Germans invade the
Netherlands, and
the Franks are once
again forced to live
under Nazi rule.
• At first, Anne and
Margot continue to
socialize with their
friends and attend
school.
Living Under Nazi Rule
• The Nazi administration, in conjunction
with the Dutch Nazi Party and Civil Service,
issues Anti-Jewish decrees.
• Jews are heavily discriminated against.
• Anne and her family are soon restricted
from:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Owning a bicycle
Riding in cars
Riding a train
Attending public schools, theaters, movies,
Socializing with Christians
Being out on the street between 8pm-6am
Take part in any recreational activities
Living Under Nazi Rule
• All Jews have to register their businesses. Later, they
are forced to surrender them to non-Jews.
Fortunately, Otto Frank, in anticipation of this
decree, has already turned his business over to his
non-Jewish colleagues, Victor Kugler and Johannes
Kleiman.
In May 1942, all Jews aged six and
older are required to wear a
yellow Star of David on their
clothes to set them apart from
non-Jews.
The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding: 1942
This is one of the last
photographs taken of
Anne and her sister,
Margot, before they go
into hiding.
• By 1942, Jews are
being arrested
just for being
Jews. Many are
forced to go to
German labor
camps. Fearful
for their lives,
the Frank family
prepares to go
into hiding.
The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding
• They already
have a place in
mind - an annex of
rooms above Otto
Frank's office at
263
Prinsengracht in
Amsterdam.
263 Prinsengracht the hiding place
The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding
• The Frank family
in May of 1940.
The Franks’ Plan to Go Into
Hiding
• Mr. Frank makes arrangements for his
business partner, Hermann Van Pels,
along with his wife, Auguste Van Pels,
and their son, Peter, to share the
Prinsengracht hide-away.
• These friends and employees not only
agree to keep the business operating in
their employer's absence, but also risk
their lives to help the Frank family
survive.
The Franks’ Plan to Go Into Hiding
The helpers, from left to
right:
Mr. Kleiman, Miep Gies, Bep
Voskuijl, and Mr. Kugler.
• Additionally,
members of the
office staff of the
Dutch Opekta
Company agree to
help them. Aside
from Victor Kugler
and Johannes
Kleiman, there are
Miep and Jan Gies,
Bep Voskuijl, and
Bep's father - all
considered to be
trustworthy.
The Secret Annex
• While these preparations are secretly
under way, Anne celebrates her
thirteenth birthday, on June 12, 1942. On
July 5, 1942, her sister, Margot, receives a
call-up notice. This means that she will be
deported to a Nazi "work camp."
• On the morning of July 6, Anne wakes up at
5:30 am to make final preparations. Margot
leaves first with Miep. Then, at 7:30, Anne
says goodbye to her cat, Moortje, and
leaves with her father and mother for the
hiding place.
The Secret Annex
• Anne is reading a book on
the veranda in the
sunshine, having just said
goodbye to her friend.
When a policeman rings
the Frank's doorbell at
about 3 pm.
• Even though the hiding
place is not yet ready,
the Frank family realizes
that they have to move
right away.
• They hurry to pack their
belongings and leave
notes implying that they
have left the country.
Only a few weeks
after receiving her
diary, which she
calls "Kitty,"
Anne and her family
go into hiding.
The Secret Annex
• A week later, on July 13, the Van
Pels family joins the Franks.
• On November 16, 1942, the seven
residents of the Secret Annex are
joined by an eighth and final
resident, Fritz Pfeffer.
The Secret Annex
• Anne Frank's family
and the other
residents of the
Secret Annex remain in
hiding for two years.
• The Annex is crowded
and they have to be
extremely careful not
to be heard or seen.
• If they are discovered,
the Nazis will arrest
them.
• During these two
years, Anne keeps a
diary of her life.
Anne decorates her
narrow bedroom with
photographs and
postcards of movie stars.
Arrest and Deportation
• At approximately 10
A.M., August 4, 1944,
the Frank family's
greatest fear comes
true. A Nazi
policeman and
several Dutch
collaborators
appear at 263
Prinsengracht,
having received an
anonymous phone
call informing them
that Jews are hiding
there. The police
head straight for
the bookcase that
leads to the Secret
Annex.
A hinged bookcase at the
rear of the office wall is all
that separates the Secret
Annex from the outside
world.
Arrest and Deportation
• Karl Joseph Silberbauer, an Austrian Nazi,
forces the residents to turn over all
their valuables. When he finds out that
Otto Frank had been a lieutenant in the
German Army during World War I, he is a
little less hostile. The residents are
taken from the house, forced into a
covered truck, taken to the Central
Office for Jewish Emigration, and then
sent to Weteringschans Prison. Miep Gies
gathers and saves Anne's scattered diary
pages.
Arrest and Deportation
• Two of the helpers, Victor Kugler
and Johannes Kleiman, are
imprisoned for their role in
hiding the family. Miep Gies and
Bep Voskuijl are not arrested,
although Miep is brought in for
questioning by the police.
Arrest and Deportation
• On August 8, 1944, after a
brief stay in
Weteringschans Prison,
the residents of the
Secret Annex are moved
to Westerbork transit
camp.
• They remain there for
nearly a month, until, on
September 3, they are
transported to the
Auschwitz death camp in
Poland. It is the last
Auschwitz-bound
transport to leave
Westerbork.
The selection process
divides the transported
Jews into two groups:
those who would work-and those who would die
(the group on the right).
Arrest and Deportation
• Bergen-Belsen becomes overcrowded
with prisoners as the Nazis retreat
from the Eastern Front. At BergenBelsen prisoners have no food, heat, or
medicine. They also do not have any
clean toilets or showers. Due to these
conditions, thousands of people die
from disease and starvation.
Arrest and Deportation
• In October, 1944, Anne and Margot are
transported from Auschwitz to the
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in
Germany. Thousands die from planned
starvation and epidemics at BergenBelsen, which is without food, heat,
medicine, or elementary sanitary
conditions.
• Anne and Margot, already weakened from
living in the concentration camps, become
ill with typhus. The camp is liberated by
allied troops in 1945, one month after the
death of Anne Frank.
After the War
Otto Frank (center) with
his Opekta staff, the
Helpers of the Secret
Annex.
• Out of the eight people
who went into hiding in
the Secret Annex, Otto
Frank is the only one
who survives what
became known as the
Holocaust. He is given
Anne's diary pages by
Miep Gies, and he
publishes them in her
memory, and in memory of
all those who have died.
• He and his second wife,
Elfried Geiringer, also
an Auschwitz survivor,
move to Basel,
Switzerland, in 1953.
Otto Frank dies on
August 19, 1980, at the
age of ninety-one.
WWII > Who Is Anne Frank?
Anne Frank
Statue
Anne frank
at Madame
Tussaud’s
Wax
Museum
WWII > Who Is Anne Frank?
Memorial
anne’s Grave
Memorial
Memorial
Anne Frank
House
WWII > Who Is Anne Frank?
anne Frank’s
Diary