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Name __________________________ Date ____________________ Period _____ Score out of 25_____ 2/13 Corrected by ________________________ Relative Dating Integrated Science 2 Name: Period: Relative Dating Activity ¢ Introduction Earth is very old and many of its features were formed before people came along to study them. For that How can you determine the sequence of past events? reason, studying Earth now is like detective work—using clues to uncover fascinating stories. The work of Earth is very old and many of its features were formed before people came along to study them. geologists and paleontologists is very much like the work of forensic scientists at a crime scene. In all three fields, For that reason, studying Earth now is like detective work—using clues to uncover fascinating stories. work of geologists and key paleontologists is very like the work of forensic scientists the ability to put events inThe their proper order is the to unraveling the much hidden story. at a crime scene. In all three fields, the ability to put events in their proper order is the key to unraveling the hidden story. ¢ Procedure Sequencing events after a thunderstorm Consider the images and scenarios below and answer the related questions. Carefully examine this illustration. A. Sequencing events after a thunderstorm It contains evidence of following events: 1. Carefully examine the illustration above. From the clues in the illustration, sequence the events listed below in 1._______ The baking heat of the sun caused cracks to form in the dried mud puddle. the order in which they happened. 2. _______ A thunderstorm began. 3. _______ The mud puddle dried. _______The baking heat of the sun caused cracks to form in the dried mud puddle. 4. _______ A child ran through the mud puddle. _______A thunderstorm began. 5. _______Hailstones fell during the thunderstorm. _______The mud puddle dried. From the clues in the illustration, sequence the events listed above in the order in which they _______A child ran through the mud puddle. happened. _______Hailstones fell during the thunderstorm. 6. Write a brief story that explains the appearance of the dried mud puddle and includes all the In your story, justify the order of the events. (4 points) B. Determining theevents. relative ages of rock formations Determining the relative ages of rock formations ____________________________________________________________ Relative dating is an Earth science term that describes the set of principles and techniques used to sequence Relative dating is an Earth science term that describes the set of principles and techniques used to ____________________________________________________________ geologic events and determine relative age of rock formations. are graphicsthat illustrate some of these geologic events andsequence determine the relative age oftherock formations. Below Below are graphics that illustrate some of these basic principles used by geologists. You will find that these concepts ____________________________________________________________ basic principles used areby easygeologists. to understand. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 7. 8. 10. 11. 9. 12. Match each principle to its explanation. Write the letter of the explanation in the space provided under each graphic. 1. Next to each principle on the bottom of the last page, write the letter of the explanation from the list below. a. In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top. b. In some rock formations, layers or parts of layers may be missing. This is often due to erosion. Erosion by water or wind removes sediment from exposed surfaces. Erosion often leaves a new flat surface with some of the original material missing. c. Sediments are originally deposited in horizontal layers. d. Any feature that cuts across rock layers is younger than the layers. e. Sedimentary layers or lava flows extend sideways in all directions until they thin out or reach a barrier. f. Any part of a previous rock layer, like a piece of stone, is older than the layer containing it. C. Sequencing events in a geologic cross-section Understanding how a land formation was created with its many layers of soil begins with the same timeordering process you used in the first part of the activity. Geologists use logical thinking and geology principles like the ones described in Part B to determine the order of events for a geologic formation. Cross-sections of Earth, like the one shown on the next page, are our best records of what has happened in the past. 1. Carefully examine the diagram at the bottom of the page. Rock bodies in this cross-section are labeled A through H. One of these rock bodies is an intrusion. Intrusions occur when molten rock called magma penetrates into layers from below. The magma is always younger than the layers that it penetrates. Likewise, a fault is always younger than the layers that have faulted. A fault is a crack or break occurs across rock layers, and the term faulting is used to describe the occurrence of a fault. The broken layers may move so that one side of the fault is higher than the other. Faulted layers may also tilt. Put the rock bodies illustrated below in order Name ______________________________ Date ____________________________ Period _____ based on when they formed. 1. __ 2. __ 3. __ Rock 4. __bodies 5. __in 6. __cross-section are labeled A through H. One of these rock bodies is an intrusion. this 2. Relative to the Intrusions occur when molten rock called magma penetrates into layers from below. The magma is always younger than the layers that it penetrates. Likewise, a fault is always younger than the other rock bodies, when did the fault occur? layers that have faulted. A fault is a crack or break occurs across rock layers, and the term faulting is used to describe the occurrence of a fault. The broken layers may move so that one side of the fault is higher than the other. Faulted layers may also tilt. Put the rock bodies illustrated below in order based on when they formed. 3. Compared with13. the_____ formation of the rock bodies, when did the stream form? Justify your answer. 16. _____ 14. _____ 17. _____ 15. _____ 18. _____ 19. Relative to the other rock bodies, when did the fault occur? (2 points) ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 20.Compared with the formation of the rock bodies, when did the stream form? Justify your answer.