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Download Africa Notes (Blank) - Warren Hills Regional School District
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McCormick Name: __________________________________________________Block: _________ Date: _______________ AFRICA Political Map v. Resources Map pgs. 484-485 What are the major resources of Africa? _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Where is oil found? How does it affect economies in the region? ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What countries use water resources to produce hydroelectric power? ____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1) What mainland countries have no resources? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2)What economic activities do you think they depend upon? _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Africa is divided into five (5) Regions: North Africa: Physical Features The Nile The Nile River is the world’s ___________________________________ river flowing upward about 4,000 miles; empties into the Mediterranean Sea For centuries rain to the south caused floods in the north leaving rich _______________________ in the surrounding fields. Silt: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ McCormick Name: __________________________________________________Block: _________ Date: _______________ The Sinai and Suez Canal • Desert and rocky mountains cover the Sinai Peninsula. Between the Sinai and rest of Egypt is the Suez Canal: a narrow waterway that connects the _______________________________________________ with the _____________________________________________. The Sahara _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Few people live there. Small settlements are located near a water source such as an ______________________________; a wet fertile area where a natural spring or well provides water. The Sahara desert is not flat. Some sand dunes and ridges are as high as 1,000 feet and the _________________________________________________________________________ rise as high as 13,600 feet! North Africa: Climate and Resources Three Main Climates: 1. ______________________________: Very dry covers most of the region. Very hot during the day (up to 136° F) and drop quickly after sunset. 2. ______________________________________________: northern coast consists of moist, mild winters and hot, dry summers. 3. _____________________________: Areas between coast and Sahara Oil and gas are important resources. West Africa: Physical Features • Plains and Highlands: Coastal plain is home to most of the region’s cities. Interior plains provide land where people grow crops. _______________________________________________Mountains to the northeast • The Niger River Flows 2,600 miles, empties into the Gulf of Guinea Many people farm along its banks or fish _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ West Africa: Climate • Four different climate regions: “zonal”, meaning _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________- hardy any vegetation, dry climate, few or no people ___________________________________- strip of land dividing desert from wetter areas, steppe climate. Desertification- spread of desert-like conditions _________________________________-Tall grasses, scattered trees and shrubs _________________________________- lies along coasts of Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea McCormick Name: __________________________________________________Block: _________ Date: _______________ West Africa: Resources • Variety of resources including agricultural products, oil, and minerals (diamonds, gold, iron ore, bauxite- main source of aluminum) • Ghana leading producer of _____________________________________(used to make chocolate) • West Africa’s main exports include ____________________________________________________________________. West Africa: History • One of the earliest kingdoms was___________________________. Controlled the Sahara trade in ____________________ and _____________________became rich and powerful in 800. • Empire of Mali replaced Ghana in about 1300 gaining control of the trade routes Mansa Musa was Mali’s most famous king Invasions caused the decline of Mali in the 1500s • Replaced by kingdom of Songhai ______________________________________________ was the cultural center with a university, mosques, and over 100 schools Declined around 1600 when Europeans began trading along coast • The Slave Trade For a while European and Africans traded with each other however demand for labor in American colonies changed that. European traders met demand by selling enslaved Africans to the colonists Devastated West Africa: _____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ • After end of slave trade France, Britain, Germany, and Portugal claimed colonies to access resources. Most of these did not become dependent until after WWII East Africa: Physical Geography __________________________________________________: Places on Earth’s surface where the crust stretches until it breaks. Great Rift Valley is the largest rift on the Earth __________________________________________________is the highest mountain in Africa rising 19,340 feet! Home to one of the largest plains called the ______________________________________Plain. Wildlife includes elephants, giraffes, lions, and zebras. Lake Victoria- Africa’s ______________________lake McCormick Name: __________________________________________________Block: _________ Date: _______________ East Africa: Climate and Vegetation • Location on equator and differences in elevation influence climate and vegetation. • North of the equator has cool, highland climate. Most of the ________________________________________ lives in highland region. • Areas near equator receive greatest amount of rainfall. • Areas farther from equator are much drier and droughts are common causing ___________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ East Africa: Religion Christianity and Islam influenced the lives of many East Africans. Other influences included trade, the arrival of Europeans, ethnic conflict, and independence • _______________________________________________________ was first introduced as early as 300 AD • By about 700 AD ________________________________spread from Egypt to Northern Sudan and spread to the Indian Ocean coast to what is now Somalia Many city-states became major Islamic centers controlling __________________________ on the coast Central Africa: Physical Features • ___________________________________________________________ - generally flat region surrounded by higher land such as mountains and plateaus • Congo River is fed by hundreds of smaller rivers. Provides important _________________________________________________________________________to the interior of the region • ___________________________________________________is located on the Zambezi River Central Africa: Climate, Vegetation, and Animals • Lies along the equator. Congo Basin has a humid tropical climate. Large, dense tropical forest _________________________________________________________________________________________________live on the forest floor. People hunt large animals for food. National Parks have been set up to promote protection. Forests are in danger: rapidly being cleared for__________________________________________. Central Africa: Resources • Most people are subsistence farmers (grow coffee, bananas, and corn) • People trade products in periodical markets, _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Copper is the most important resource in this region. • Poor __________________________________________________________________________________________have kept regions resources from being fully developed. Southern Africa: Physical Geography McCormick Name: __________________________________________________Block: _________ Date: _______________ • Most of the land lies on a large plateau. The steep face at the edge of the plateau is called an ________________________________________________. • Many rivers flow in this regions providing ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________. Also home to animals such as crocodiles, zebra, hippos. Southern Africa: Climate and Vegetation • Climate varies from east to west. The east coast is wet, whereas the west is very dry.
