Download Slavery and Civil War

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Canals (Man-made waterways)
Erie Canal allowed goods to move quickly from the Midwest to
the East – ship to Europe.
The North was an industrial society.
— Manufacturing based on machine power
The power loom à
Increased urbanization (Growth of cities).
The South was an agrarian (agricultural) society.
Eli Whitney – what did he invent? Cotton Gin
What negative impact did it have on society?
Led to an increase of slavery in the South
Many northerners become abolitionists (people who
wanted to end slavery).
Uncle Tom’s Cabin- book highlighting the horrors of
slavery. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
— It horrified many Northerners who had previously been
unconcerned about the issue of slavery.
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Frederick Douglas
Escaped slave and famous
leading member of the
abolitionist movement.
“Depots” – safe-houses where slaves could hide.
“Passengers” – runaway slaves.
“Conductors” – individuals who helped slaves to freedom
They used musical maps (songs) – “Follow the Drinking Gourd”
and the stars to find their way North.
Harriet Tubman
Former slave and famous conductor.
Felt that God told her to go back.
The “Moses” of slaves
Fugitive (a runaway or escapee who does not want to get caught)
How did it hurt free blacks in the North?
— They could be accused of being a fugitive slave and be taken to the South?
Pro-slavery & anti-slavery settlers moved into the Kansas Territory – attempt
to gain control to influence whether it would become a free or slave state.
Violence erupts leading to nickname – Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
An extreme abolitionist
who felt he was chosen by
God to help end slavery.
Was willing to kill and die
for his cause.
Brown raids an arsenal (collection of weapons and supplies
stored by a nation).
How did people view John Brown?
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Depends – South saw him a terrorist and the North
saw him as a hero.
Republican Party – stop the spread of slavery
Abraham Lincoln
The Democrats division allowed Abraham Lincoln to win the
election.
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Self-Educated
Lawyer
Lost twice running for U.S. Senate
16th President of the United States
First Republican presidential candidate
First President killed in office
South Carolina – secedes (withdraws) from the U.S.
Confederate States of America - 11 Southern States
Jefferson Davis
President of the
Confederate States of
America.
How does Lincoln respond to secession?
He tells the South he will not interfere with slavery in the
existing states, but secession will not be tolerated.
The U.S. commander refused to turn over Fort Sumter to the
Confederates - leading to its attack.
First shots of the war.
Offered command of the Army of the Potomac, but he declined. Why?
He could not fight against his state and his family..
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Civil War (a war between opposing groups of the same
nation)
Where else have we seen civil war over the years?
Korea, Vietnam, Syria, Sudan
Border States – slave states that did not secede, but
remained neutral at the start of the war.
(Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware)
North
— United States of America
— Federal Union – “Union”
South
— Confederate States of America
— “Confederacy”
North
— War of Secession
— War of Rebellion
South
— War of Northern Aggression
— War of Southern Independence
North
South
— Preserve the union of the United
— Preserve their way of life by
States.
seceding from the United States
North
— Yankees – “Yanks”
South
— Rebels – “Rebs”
Different Social Structures
North – Urban Industrial Society
South – Rural Agrarian Society
Opposing Views of Government
North – Strong federal government
South – Strong state governments
Slave Issue
North – Growth of anti-slavery feelings
South – Belief that slavery was necessary
— Block the Southern ports to isolate the South
— Control Mississippi River
— Capture Richmond, Virginia
The plan was called Scott’s Great Snake. Why?
It was like a giant constrictor snake squeezing the South to death.
— Defend the South until the north tired of fighting.
— Gain support from Britain and France.
Cotton Diplomacy (an embargo of cotton to foreign nations who did
not support the South).
It failed!
North
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Industry & Communications
More Railroads
— Larger population
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South
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South only had to fight a defensive war.
Fought in the South- knowledge and help.
— Best military officers.
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— New weapons (Industrial Revolution)
were more accurate and deadly.
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— The old ways of open field battles
Ironclads
Ships made out of iron instead of wood.
High Casualties
(Dead, missing, & wounded in
a battle)
Gun shot wounds often led to amputation (removal of a limb).
“Bit the Bullet” – bite down on a minie ball for the pain instead of screaming and possibly biting
off your tongue.
Diseases killed more men then bullets.
Clara Barton
Volunteered as a nurse during the war.
“Angel of the Battlefield” – Idea of angels helping people for God.
The men felt that she watched over them – protected
them like a guardian angel.
Started the American Red Cross
First major battle of the war.
The North invaded the South to end the war quickly, but early success ended
in disaster. Why?
The South rallied under the strong leadership of its generals and the North
panicked because the volunteers were not well trained.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson gets his nickname leading
fresh troops into the fight to turn the tide of the battle.
Lincoln puts General George McClellan in command.
Why was he a poor battlefield general?
— Too cautious and did not use his advantages
Abolitionists pressured Lincoln to emancipate (to free) the slaves in the
South.
Lincoln could not at the time. Why?
— The North was losing the war.
The bloodiest single day of battle in U.S. history (22,ooo casualties).
Lee was forced to retreat, but McClellan did not pursue and destroy his
army.
Considered the North’s first major victory, but a frustrated Lincoln
replaced McClellan w/ Gen. Ambrose Burnside.
Issued after Antietam. It only freed slaves in the southern states that seceded.
Now, the war was about saving the union and ending slavery.
How does this hurt the South?
It hurt the South’s ability to wage war and kept Britain (anti-slavery) out of the war.
Free African Americans and contrabands (escaped slaves) began to join the Union
army. They served in all black regiments.
They served in all black regiments, could not be officers, and were given less pay. Why?
They were not seen as being equal with the white Union soldiers
A Costly Victory for the South
Battle of Chancellorsville
— Lee’s smaller Confederate force smashes the Union led by Joseph Hooker
Lincoln replaces Hooker w/ Gen. George Meade
— Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by his own men – dies days later
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Lee invaded the North believing that a victory there would demoralize
(to cause the loss of confidence) the Union and cause them to surrender.
Both sides suffer heavy losses (Approx. 46,000)
Joshua Chamberlain – Hero of Little Round Top – ordered a bayonet
charge
Lee attempts to break the Union line on the third day with Pickett’s Charge
– a full frontal attack of over 12,000 Confederate soldiers.
What happened?
There was over 7,000 Confederate casualties – forcing Lee to retreat back into
the South.
Gettysburg is dedicated as the nation’s first national cemetery.
Lincoln provided a brief 2 minute address to the crowd. It becomes one
of the most famous speeches in history.
Siege of Vicksburg
General Ulysses S Grant and the Army of the Mississippi (Union’s main western
force) accepted the fortress city’s surrender the same day Lee retreated from
Gettysburg.
Why was the victory important?
It gave the Union control of the Mississippi and split the South in half.
Ulysses S. Grant
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Took chances and used his superior numbers – made
him a good battlefield commander.
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Became Commanding General of the Union army - 1864
Sherman was put in charge of the Army of the Mississippi and waged
total war (war in which nothing is spared) in Georgia.
Why did he do it?
To demoralize the people of the South so they would no longer support
the war.
Sherman Neck Tie – wrapping heated railroad tracks around trees –
looked like an old southern neck tie.
Grant traps Lee in Virginia.
— Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House
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Discovery of Andersonville
Prisoner of war camp in Georgia
— Approx. 13,000 died
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618,000 dead
- North – 360,000
- South – 258,000
Only 30% die on battlefield
The South is in ruins. Why?
The majority of the war is fought in the South.
The North won due to the steady leadership of Abraham Lincoln and its
larger population and access to the resources of industry.