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Equine Science Final Exam REVIEW Horse Breeds The _____________ breed has a swan like neck, a dished face, and is known for its endurance. The __________________ originated in England and is known for horse racing. The ____________________ is a draft breed with feathered feet that is used by Wells Fargo to market their company. The __________________ is a color breed known for its golden color and flaxen mane. The _____________________ is a very athletic and versatile horse used for working cows and rodeo. _____________ are a class of equine that are smaller than 14 hands at their mature height. A hand is equal to ______ inches. Livestock Digestive Systems Digestion is the process of _______________ and ________________ breakdown of food into simple substances that can be absorbed. Mechanical Digestion is digestion using ________________ (chewing), swallowing, intestinal movements, and _________________ (elimination of waste) _______________ Digestion- digestion that happens in the mouth (enzymes) and in the stomach (gastric juices). Macronutrients 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ Micronutrients 1. _________________ 2. _________________ *****_______________ is needed to process all nutrients. 8 components of the digestive system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 5 accessory organs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lips used for _____________ which is method of gathering food to the mouth. The mouth has 3 ______________ glands Feed is masticated by __________ and moistened by _____________ while in the mouth. Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase which helps to breakdown ____________________. The pharynx is muscular and serves food from mouth to ___________________. During swallowing, the ________________ closes and prevents food/water from entering the respiratory system through the trachea. Esophagus uses muscular contractions to push food/water from mouth to stomach. The name for these contractions is __________________. Chemical digestion is the primary digestion occurring in the stomach. This is due to ___________ juices in the stomach. The enzyme _______________ converts proteins into amino acids. The enzyme ________________ breaks fats down to fatty acids and glycerol. The shape of the small intestine is __________ and __________. It is folded into many ________ and ___________. A large amount of _________________ occurs in small intestine. This is because the __________________artery runs through the small intestine. _______________ are small finger-like projection that are present on the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients. The cecum is located between _________________ and ________________________. It contains bacteria that serve to break down ________________ such as grass and hay. This functioning cecum is why horses can eat and process grass and hay despite being a _________________ animal. Because of this, horses are said to have a “____________”nonruminant digestion system. The large intestine is composed of the _____________, __________________, ___________________, and the ___________________. The _____________ connects small colon to anus and forms feces in preparation for _______________. Horse fecal matter is formed as small ___________ that are firm, but not hard. Reproduction The external part of the mare reproduction tract is called the _______________. The receptacle part of the mare reproductive tract is the ______________. The _______________ protects the inner part of the mare reproductive tract from the outer environment. The _______________ serves as the womb once the mare is bred. The ______________ ____________ are also known as the oviducts. The _______________ are normally small and hard and are the source of the egg. FSH stands for ____________________ ___________________ ____________________ and is the reason that the ovaries produce the follicles during egg production. One follicle will blister, erupt, and release an egg before transforming into the _____________ _____________. A hormone called _____________________ is produced by the corpus luteum and is responsible for causing the body to make changes to allow it to support pregnancy. Equine Terms and General Facts A female horse that has not reached sexual maturity is called a ______________. A female horse that has reached sexual maturity is called a _____________. A newborn horse is called a ___________. A young male horse is called a ___________. A sexually mature and sexually intact is called a ____________. Once it is used for breeding, it is called a _____________. A castrated horse is called a _________________. The birthing process of horses is called _____________. In a proper foaling presentation, the first thing that should appear out of the mare is the __________ __________ and they should be facing ___________ ____________. _________________ period is the length of pregnancy.