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Dissecting microscope
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Bryophytes
p. 81
 Nonvascular plant, some species have the steam-liked and leafliked structures.
 The alternation of generations with obviously gametophyte and
sporophyte.
 The gametophyte is dominant organism. The sporophyte remains
attached to the gametophyte, deriving most of its nutrition from
the gametophyte.
Gametophore of
female gametophyte
Sporophyte
Sporophytes
Gametophyte
 Classification
A. Liverworts
B. Mosses
C. Hornworts
The life cycle of liverworts
Sporangium
p. 85
Liverworts
– Marchantia
1. Appearance
-- archegoniophore, antheridiophore, gemma cup
2. Observe the permanent slide showing section of the gemma
cup.
gemmae
gemma cup
Marchantia gemma cup
 Draw
Raindrop
The life cycle of mosses
p. 82
Sperm
“Bud”
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Protonemata
(n)
“Bud”
Antheridia
Male
gametophyte
(n)
Egg
Spores
Spore
dispersal
Peristome
Gametophore
Female Archegonia
gametophyte (n)
Rhizoid
Calyptra
Sporangium
MEIOSIS
Mature
sporophytes
Seta
Capsule
(sporangium)
Foot
Zygote
(2n)
FERTILIZATION
(within archegonium)
Embryo
2 mm
Archegonium
Capsule with
peristome (SEM)

Young
sporophyte
Female(2n)
gametophytes
Mosses - Polytrichum
1. Observe the appearance of a
female gametophyte that has an
attached sporophyte.
Sporophyte
Calyptra
Capsule or
Sporangium
Seta
 Draw
Female
Gametophyte
假根(Rhizoid)
• Dissecting microscope
2. Try to remove the calyptra, observed the peristome and spores .
Spores
Peristome
Pteridophytes
 Vascular plants
 No flowers, fruits, and seeds having true
leaves (Seedless Plants), can see sorus of
the back side of leaves.
 Like all other vascular plants, they have a
life cycle referred to as alternation of
generations, characterized by a diploid
sporophytic and a haploid gametophytic
phase. Unlike the gymnosperms and
angiosperms, the ferns' gametophyte is a
free-living organism.
p. 91
Classification
A. Fern allies

Psilotopsida

Equisetopsida
B. True ferns

Marattiopsida

Polypodiopsida
P. 96
The surface of
sorus of some
species which
are covered by
indusium, but
some species
are not.
The life cycle of a typical fern
The indusium is linear, and
sporangium grows on the lateral
vein.
Round and kidney-liked
indusium, and grows on the
top of veins.
The leaf edge folds to the fake indusium.
Round indusium, and grows on the side of
veins.
p. 97
Ferns
annulus
1. Take some sporangia from the leaf using
a forceps and make a slide.
 Draw
lip cells
stalk
2. Break the sporangium, and observe the
spores.
 Draw