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1
Created by Boundless
Carla is a healthy, lightly-pigmented woman from Sweden. Which of the following
best explains the reason for her light skin color?
A
the skin pigment oxyhemoglobin is more prevalent than
melanin in her skin
B
melanosomes packed with melanin are evenly-spread
throughout her basal skin layer
C
the activity level of her melanocytes is lower than would be
the case if she had dark skin
D
she lacks the enzyme to produce melanin
2
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the dermis or hypodermis?
A
the hypodermis is where hair follicles and sweat glands are
embedded
B
the hypodermis lies below the dermis, connecting the skin
tissue to bone and muscle
C
the papillary region of the dermis interdigitates with the
epidermis
D
the reticular region of the dermis is dense collagenous
tissue providing strength and flexibility
3
Created by Boundless
Kerantinocytes compose 95% of the epidermal cells. Which of the following is the
correct progression through the strata of kerantinocytes from proliferation to
desquamation?
A
stratum basale-stratum spinosum-stratum granulosumstratum lucidum-stratum corneum
B
stratum basale-stratum spinosum-stratum granulosumstratum corneum-stratum lucidum
C
stratum granulosum-stratum germinativum-stratum
spinosum-stratum corneum-stratum lucidum
D
stratum germinativum-stratum granulosum-stratum
lucidum-stratum spinosum-stratum corneum
4
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of body hair?
A
papilla is at the base of the hair follicle: cells divide
frequently; susceptible to chemotherapy
B
root sheath of hair has 3 layers: external, medial, internal;
external forms layers of hair
C
the matrix of a hair follicle surrounds the papilla; produces
the hair fiber and inner root sheath
D
bulge at tip of papilla is location of apocrine sweat gland
5
Created by Boundless
Which of the following does NOT correctly describe finger and toe nails?
A
nail plate: translucent keratin; subsurface grooves anchor it
to nail bed
B
eponychium: area between nail plate and tip; provides a
waterproof barrier
C
nail bed: extends from lunula to hyponychium; contains
blood vessels, nerves, melanocytes
D
germinal matrix: root of nail, extends several mm into
finger; produces nail
6
Created by Boundless
Which of the following best describes the location and function of sebaceous
glands?
A
found throughout skin (except palms & soles); secrete oily
sebum to protect & waterproof hair & skin
B
meibomian sebaceous glands secrete sebum along penis
and labia minora to reduce friction during sex
C
all sebaceous glands are part of a pilosebaceous unit: hair,
hair follicle, and gland
D
in holocrine glands: produce sebum for hair; in eccrine
glands: produce sebum for non-hair skin
7
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of eccrine or apocrine sweat
glands?
A
apocrine glands, found only in the axilla and perianal
regions, are larger than eccrine glands
B
eccrine glands cover the body, but are at highest density
on palms, soles, and scalp
C
eccrine gland sweat: cools body temp, excretes water &
electrolytes, maintains skin's acid mantle
D
apocrine glands, active at puberty, secrete viscous, cloudy
sweat containing androgens
8
Created by Boundless
Where are eccrine or sweat glands located?
A
All over the body
B
In the armpit, around the nipples, and in the groin area
C
On the face and scalp
D
Everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet
E
Only in the armpit
9
Created by Boundless
What is the part of the nail that originates from the living tissue of the nail matrix
called?
A
Nail Sinus
B
Nail body
C
Nail root
D
Nail plate
E
Free margin
10
Created by Boundless
A hair strand is made up of which of the following?
A
A medulla, cortex, and cuticle
B
An epithelium, root, and cuticle
C
A fasciculus and inner cortex
D
A single layer known as the hair shaft
E
An epithelium and root
11
Created by Boundless
Choose the statement that is NOT a correct description of the absorption or
excretion functions of the integumentary system.
A
pores of the thin outer layer of the skin absorbs oxygen
from the air and some medications
B
sebaceous glands, active at puberty, secrete sebum which
contains pheromones to attract mates
C
eccrine glands secrete water as sweat which evaporates
and cools the body
D
apocrine glands, located in hair follicles, become active at
puberty due to hormonal changes
12
Created by Boundless
The major metabolic function of skin is to produce vitamin D3 when UVB radiation
activates 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin. Which of the following will NOT
interfere with that function?
13
A
working indoors from 9 - 5
B
lunching in the park in a tank top and shorts
C
wearing sunscreen
D
avoiding UVB exposure during the peak hours of 10 - 3 pm
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of a cutaneous
mechanoreceptor?
A
Meissner's corpuscles rapidly adapt to detecting changes
in texture on the skin
B
Ruffini's end organs detect tension deep within the skin
C
Pacinian corpuscles detect low frequency vibrations in the
skin
D
Merkel's discs slowly adapt to detecting sustained touch,
pressure, and stretching
14
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is the correct source of the blood supply of the
integumentary system?
A
papillary region
B
stratum basale region
C
reticular region
D
epidermal region
15
Created by Boundless
Daniel has been running in 90 degree weather. Which of the following aspects of
thermoregulation will NOT bring Daniel's body back to homeostasis?
A
superficial capillaries in the skin vasodilate to release heat
via convection and conduction
B
arrector pili muscles relax so that hairs lie flat on the skin to
increase air flow and heat loss
C
the exothermic reaction in muscle cells induces shivering
which limits heat loss via convection
D
endocrine glands produce large quantities of sweat for
evaporative cooling
16
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the integumentary system?
A
the skin acts as a tough 'bag' to protect internal tissues
and organs
B
Langerhans' cell in the epidermis contribute to protection
as parts of the adaptive immune system
C
the keratin layer of the epidermis waterproofs the body and
protects against dehydration
D
the dermis provides a site for the endings of blood vessels
and nerves
17
Created by Boundless
Which body system provides a protective covering for the body and all of the
systems within the body?
18
A
Reproductive system
B
Repiratory system
C
Integumentary system
D
Sensory system
E
Lymphatic system
Created by Boundless
Stefan gashed his arm to the bone several days ago. The wound has become
infected and is not healing. Which of the phases of wound healing has failed?
A
inflammatory
B
hemostasis
C
proliferative
D
remodeling
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Created by Boundless
Which of the following does NOT correctly describe a stage of epidermal wound
healing?
A
During hemostasis, platelets aggregate to form a fibrin clot
to prevent more blood loss.
B
During inflammation, phagocytosis cleanses the wound and
kills bacteria.
C
During remodeling, angiogenesis forms new blood vessels
and granulation tissue forms.
D
During proliferation, epithelial cells migrate to the top of a
wound to form a new barrier.
20
Created by Boundless
Choose the correct developmental outline for the integumentary system.
A
stratified epithelium - simple epithelium - basement
membrane folds - blood vessels form B
fingerprints - melanoblasts produce melanin - nails form
- hair grows - sweat glands form cords
C
mesoderm forms connective tissues - cords form
mammary glands - sensory nerves develop
D
dermis forms - connective tissue differentiates - sensory
nerves develop - simple epithelium forms
21
Created by Boundless
Which of the following statements about intrinsic and extrinsic aging is NOT
correct?
A
intrinsic aging leads to diminished or defective synthesis of
collagen and elastin in the dermis
B
extrinsic aging becomes more evident in older persons
because epidermal cell repair slows down
C
intrinsic aging is primarily caused by long-term exposure to
UV radiation
D
extrinsic aging or photoaging can lead to neoplasms and
dyspigmentation
22
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about vitiligo?
A
vitiligo is the patchy loss of skin pigment
B
vitiligo may be an auto-immune disease
C
vitiligo treatment uses drugs to depigment unaffected skin
D
vitiligo treatment uses drugs to repigment affected skin
23
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of a blister?
A
blood blisters form around the mouth when one is infected
with herpes
B
second-degree burn blisters form immediately when a
finger touches a hot stove
C
friction blisters form on moist skin when running in sockless shoes on a warm day
D
contact dermatitis blisters form when makeup is put on
sensitive skin
24
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a good description of psoriasis?
A
psoriasis plaques are scaly patches forming in the thin skin
of elbows, knees, back, and scalp
B
psoriasis plaques can be itchy and painful, and may
interfere with daily life
C
there is no cure for psoriasis although phototherapy
(exposure to sunlight) may alleviate symptoms
D
those with psoriasis need to wear protective clothing as it is
easily spread to others
25
Created by Boundless
Which of the following correctly outlines the process of skin grafting?
26
A
remove skin strip from autologous donor-graft to bare areause NPWT to seal wound and withdraw fluid
B
remove skin strip from allogeneic donor-graft to bare arealater replace with xenogeneic donor graft
C
remove skin strip from autologous donor-graft to bare arealater replace with allogeneic donor graft
D
remove skin strip from xenogeneic donor-graft to bare
area-monitor wound until fully healed
Created by Boundless
Tattoos, the insertion of indelible inks into the dermis, have been known for
thousands of years. John got a tattoo 9 years ago, but would now like it removed
by laser. Which of following factors does he NOT need to consider?
A
John's light skin may develop hyper-pigmented spots from
the laser treatment
B
John's skin may develop scaly patches from the
salabrasion that precedes the laser treatment
C
John has diabetes, an autoimmune disease, which may
limit success of removal
D
John's tattoo is done in black ink, which is easiest to
remove by laser
27
Created by Boundless
Alicia, age 13, presents to Dr. Martin with the autoimmune disease alopecia areata
(AA). She has several bald patches on her head. Which of the following is not a
possible treatment for AA?
A
monitor the condition as it can go into remission, although,
given her age, recurrence is probable
B
adapt to AA by buying and wearing a stylish wig
C
if hair loss becomes severe, treatment with corticosteroids
may provide some success
D
undergo a hair transplant using hair from other parts of her
head
28
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT clearly involved in the development of acne?
A
acne occurs most frequently in those with pale skin due to
decreased melanin production in follicles
B
buildup of pus in the follicle causes a pimple to form
C
during puberty, sebum production increases leading to
blocked pores
D
bacteria can be trapped in hair follicles causing an
inflammatory response
29
Created by Boundless
Athlete's foot and herpes simplex are both integumentary system infections.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A
both athlete's foot and herpes simplex can be spread by
direct skin contact
B
herpex simplex is a viral infection
C
both athlete's foot and herpes simplex can be spread
indirectly through clothing items and towels
D
athlete's foot is a fungal infection
30
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a good description of psoriasis?
31
A
psoriasis plaques can be itchy and painful, and may
interfere with daily life
B
psoriasis plaques are scaly patches forming in the thin skin
of elbows, knees, back, and scalp
C
those with psoriasis need to wear protective clothing as it is
easily spread to others
D
there is no cure for psoriasis although phototherapy
(exposure to sunlight) may alleviate symptoms
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a result of untreated pressure ulcers?
A
severe pressure ulcer infections can be fatal
B
skin breaks become infected and may extend to underlying
bone
C
moist skin over bony areas breaks open
D
pressure ulcers can lead to paralysis
32
Created by Boundless
Sun damage is caused by overexposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Which
of the following is NOT a correct statement about how sunscreens prevent sun
damage to skin?
A
sunscreens can prevent the two most common forms of
cancer, but not melanoma
B
sunscreens may contain inorganic particles that reflect,
scatter, or absorb UV light
C
sunscreens can penetrate the skin which is useful in
preventing skin cancer, especially melanoma
D
sunscreens may contain organic chemical compounds that
absorb UV light
33
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding body hair?
A
women with body hair in the "wrong" places may be
viewed as unclean
B
women with large amounts of body hair may be seen as
masculine
C
removal or not of body hair is a purely personal decision,
unaffected by cultural norms
D
men with large amounts of body hair may be seen as more
animal-like
34
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of a transdermal patch?
A
provides a controlled release of medication from the patch
through the skin
B
release of medication can be through porous membrane or
body-heat-melting layers in adhesives
C
controlled-release of nicotine for smoking cessation is the
highest-selling patch
D
preferred form of delivery as molecules of all medications
easily penetrate the skin
35
Created by Boundless
Siobhan, an Irish immigrant, presents to Dr. Loomis with a hearing problem. Which
of the following is the best conclusion about Siobhan's presenting condition?
36
A
she pushed the wet, brown earwax further into the ear
canal with cotton swabs, blocking it
B
dry, gray, flaky earwax completely fills and blocks the ear
canal
C
she used a warm-water syringe to remove the dry, gray,
flaky earwax, but the canal is still blocked
D
she pushed wet, flaky, gray earwax further into the canal
with a curette, blocking it
Created by Boundless
Which of the following is NOT a cause of androgenetic alopecia (AGA)?
A
X-linked genes indicate that 90% of the cause of AGA is
maternally based
B
men whose fathers had AGA are 2.5 times more likely to
develop AGA themselves
C
AGA significantly interacts with age as 80% of men over
age 80 have visible hair loss
D
AGA is due to genetic sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone
(DHT) which causes loss of terminal hairs
37
Created by Boundless
Kiera is undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. She is concerned about her hair.
Which of the following is NOT likely to occur due to chemotherapy?
A
when her hair regrows, it may be darker and curlier than
before
B
a hypothermic cap reduces blood flow to the head which
may reduce hair loss
C
hair loss from chemo begins within hours; hair will not
regrow until about 12 months after it ends
D
depending on the chemo agent, her hair will thin or be
totally lost
38
Created by Boundless
Several patients with unusual skin color changes have presented to a clinic. Which
of the following did NOT receive a correct diagnosis?
A
Alex, due to the yellowish tint to his skin and sclera, has
jaundice and is tested for hepatitis
B
Jackie, with a purplish area on her face and yellowish areas
on her back, is severely bruised C
Maria, pregnant and with dark patches on her face, has
melasma
D
Jerry, with brownish spots on his hands and face, has liver
disease and is tested for cirrohsis
39
Created by Boundless
Lines of cleavage (Langer's lines) orient to collagen fibers in the human body.
Which of the following is NOT a use of this knowledge?
A
creating Langer's lines on their fellows allows students to
learn where to make surgical incisions
B
orientation of stab wounds to lines can provide angle of
attack
C
incisions made parallel to the lines produce less scarring
than cross-cut incisions
D
parallel incisions work with rather than against the tissues,
allowing better healing
40
Created by Boundless
Which of the following types of classification of burns is correct?
41
A
1st degree: epidermis; 2nd degree: papillary dermis; 3rd
degree: dermis; 4th degree: bone & muscle
B
1st degree: epidermis; 2nd degree: dermis; 3rd degree:
papillary dermis; 4th degree: bone & muscle
C
1st degree: eschar; 2nd degree: epidermis; 3rd degree:
dermis; 4th degree: bone & muscle
D
1st degree: dermis; 2nd degree: papillary dermis; 3rd
degree: epidermis; 4th degree: eschar
Created by Boundless
The following individuals suffered an allergic reaction: a hypersensitivity to a
normally harmless substance. Which of them was NOT correctly treated?
A
Toby ate peanuts and his throat immediately swelled shut,
so he was injected with an epi-pen
B
Lance went into anaphylactic shock from a bee sting and
was given a decongestant
C
Xarold has an asthma attack, so he used a steroid inhaler
D
Sofia has hay fever, so she took an anti-histamine
42
Created by Boundless
Which of the following statements about skin cancer is NOT correct?
A
basal cell carcinoma: smooth, pearly bump on head, neck,
or shoulders; easily treated
B
squamous cell carcinoma: red, scaling, thick patch on sunexposed skin; dangerous if not treated
C
malignant melanoma: most common of the skin cancers;
causes 75% of all skin cancer deaths
D
melanoma: brown-black lesions with asymmetric borders;
can metastasize; very dangerous
43
Created by Boundless
Albinism is a disorder characterized by absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the inheritance of albinism?
A
albinism occurs more frequently in males than in females
B
two non-albinistic parents can have a child with albinism
C
albinism is a genetic trait that eliminates the production of
melanocytes
D
albinism is solely a dominant trait inherited from an albino
parent